Osmosis ndi chinthu chomwe madzi oyera amayenda kuchokera ku yankho losungunuka kudzera mu nembanemba yomwe imalowa pang'ono kupita ku yankho losungunuka kwambiri. Kusungunuka pang'ono kumatanthauza kuti nembanembayo imalola mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono ndi ma ayoni kudutsamo koma imagwira ntchito ngati chotchinga ku mamolekyu akuluakulu kapena zinthu zosungunuka. Reverse Osmosis ndi njira ya Osmosis mozungulira. Yankho lomwe silinalowe kwambiri limakhala ndi chizolowezi chachilengedwe chosamukira ku yankho lomwe lili ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu.

Kodi Reverse Osmosis System Imagwira Ntchito Bwanji?

Reverse osmosis ndi njira yomwe imachotsa zinthu zakunja, zinthu zolimba, mamolekyu akuluakulu ndi mchere m'madzi pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuti zipitirire m'maselo apadera. Ndi njira yoyeretsera madzi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza madzi akumwa, kuphika ndi ntchito zina zofunika.

Ngati palibe mphamvu ya madzi, madzi oyera (madzi okhala ndi kuchuluka kochepa) oyeretsedwa ndi osmosis amasunthira m'madzi okhala ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu. Madziwo amakankhira kudzera mu nembanemba yomwe imatha kulowa mkati mwake. Fyuluta iyi ya nembanemba ili ndi ma pores ambiri, ang'onoang'ono ngati ma microns 0.0001, omwe amatha kusefa pafupifupi 99% ya zinthu zodetsa monga mabakiteriya (pafupifupi micron 1), utsi wa fodya (0.07 micron_, mavairasi (0.02-0.04 micron), ndi zina zotero. Ndipo mamolekyu amadzi oyera okha ndi omwe amadutsamo.

Kuyeretsa madzi pogwiritsa ntchito reverse osmosis kumatha kusefa mchere wonse wofunikira womwe matupi athu amafunikira, koma ndi ukadaulo wogwira mtima komanso wotsimikizika wopanga madzi oyera komanso oyenera kumwa. Dongosolo la RO liyenera kupereka madzi oyera kwambiri kwa zaka zambiri, kuti muthe kumwa popanda nkhawa.

N’chifukwa chiyani fyuluta ya nembanemba imagwira ntchito bwino poyeretsa madzi?

Kawirikawiri, zotsukira madzi zomwe zapangidwa mpaka pano zimagawidwa m'magulu monga njira yosefera yopanda membrane ndi njira yoyeretsera madzi pogwiritsa ntchito nembanemba.

Kusefa kwa fyuluta yopanda nembanemba kumachitika makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito fyuluta ya kaboni, yomwe imasefa kukoma koipa, fungo loipa, chlorine, ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe m'madzi apampopi. Tinthu tambirimbiri, monga zinthu zopanda organic, zitsulo zolemera, mankhwala achilengedwe ndi zinthu zoyambitsa khansa, sitingachotsedwe ndikudutsamo. Kumbali inayi, njira yoyeretsera madzi ya Reverse osmosis pogwiritsa ntchito nembanemba ndiyo njira yodziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yoyeretsera madzi pogwiritsa ntchito nembanemba yolowa madzi yopangidwa ndi ukadaulo wapamwamba wa polymer engineering. Ndi njira yoyeretsera madzi yomwe imadutsa ndikulekanitsa ndikuchotsa mchere wosiyanasiyana wosapangidwa, zitsulo zolemera, mabakiteriya, mavairasi, mabakiteriya, ndi zinthu zotulutsa ma radiation zomwe zili m'madzi apampopi kuti apange madzi oyera.

Zotsatira zake n'zakuti solute imasungidwa mbali yopanikizika ya nembanemba ndipo solvent yeniyeni imaloledwa kudutsa mbali inayo. Kuti ikhale "yosankha", nembanemba iyi siyenera kulola mamolekyu akuluakulu kapena ma ayoni kudutsa m'mabowo (mabowo), koma iyenera kulola zigawo zazing'ono za yankho (monga mamolekyu osungunulira, mwachitsanzo, madzi, H2O) kuti zidutse momasuka.

Izi ndi zoona makamaka kuno ku California, komwe kuuma kwake kumakhala kwakukulu m'madzi apampopi. Ndiye bwanji osasangalala ndi madzi oyera komanso otetezeka okhala ndi makina ozungulira?

Fyuluta ya R/O Membrane

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1950, Dr. Sidney Loeb wa ku UCLA adapanga reverse osmosis (RO) kukhala yothandiza popanga, pamodzi ndi Srinivasa Sourirajan, ma anisotropic membranes omwe amatha kulowa mosavuta. Ma osmosis membranes opangidwa ndi ma semi-permeable membranes opangidwa mwapadera okhala ndi ma pores a 0.0001 microns, makulidwe a tsitsi miliyoni imodzi. Ma membranes awa ndi fyuluta yapadera yopangidwa ndi ukadaulo wa polymer engineering womwe palibe mankhwala oipitsa komanso mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi omwe angadutse.

Madzi oipitsidwa akamapanikizika kuti adutse mu nembanemba yapaderayi, mankhwala olemera kwambiri a mamolekyulu, monga madzi a lime omwe amasungunuka m'madzi, ndi mankhwala olemera kwambiri a mamolekyulu monga lime, omwe amasungunuka m'madzi, amadutsa mu nembanemba yomwe imalowa madzi pang'ono yokhala ndi madzi oyera okha okhala ndi mamolekyulu ochepa komanso mpweya wosungunuka ndi mchere wachilengedwe. Amapangidwa kuti atuluke mu nembanembayo ndi kukakamizidwa kwa madzi atsopano omwe sadutsa mu nembanemba yomwe imalowa madzi pang'ono ndipo amapitiliza kulowa.

Zotsatira zake n'zakuti solute imasungidwa mbali yopanikizika ya nembanemba ndipo solvent yeniyeni imaloledwa kudutsa mbali inayo. Kuti ikhale "yosankha", nembanemba iyi siyenera kulola mamolekyu akuluakulu kapena ma ayoni kudutsa m'mabowo (mabowo), koma iyenera kulola zigawo zazing'ono za yankho (monga mamolekyu osungunulira, mwachitsanzo, madzi, H2O) kuti zidutse momasuka.

Ma nembanemba, omwe adayambitsidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito pazachipatala, adapangidwira nkhondo yankhondo kapena kupatsa asilikali madzi oyera komanso osadetsedwa, ndikuyeretsanso mkodzo wa woyenda m'mlengalenga womwe wasonkhanitsidwa pakachitika zinthu zosayembekezereka panthawi yofufuza mlengalenga. Akugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo oyendera madzi akumwa, ndipo posachedwapa, makampani akuluakulu opanga zakumwa akugwiritsa ntchito makina oyeretsera madzi a mafakitale akuluakulu popanga mabotolo, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakina oyeretsera madzi apakhomo.