Tingapeze ndalama kuchokera ku maulalo omwe ali patsamba lino, koma timangolimbikitsa zinthu zomwe timabweza. N’chifukwa chiyani timakhulupirira ife?
Kuyika fyuluta yamadzi pansi pa sinki ndi njira yachangu, yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo yoperekera madzi otetezeka komanso okoma ku pompopu yanu. Kukweza kungakhale kofunika kwambiri kuposa momwe mukuganizira: Ngakhale kuti America ili ndi madzi abwino kwambiri akumwa padziko lonse lapansi, siabwino kwenikweni. Madzi a m'mpopi okhala ndi lead ndi vuto lomwe likupitilirabe, osati m'malo ngati Flint, Michigan okha.
Nyumba zokwana 10 miliyoni zaku America zalumikizidwa ku magwero a madzi kudzera m'mapaipi a lead ndi mizere yogwirira ntchito, ndichifukwa chake Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ikulimbitsa malamulo ake a lead ndi mkuwa. Kenako pali funso la PFAS (chidule cha zinthu zopangidwa ndi perfluorinated ndi polyfluoroalkyl). Nkhani yotentha pa Msonkhano wa GH wa 2021 Raising the Green Bar Sustainability Summit, mankhwala otere otchedwa okhazikika - omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zina zogulira komanso thovu lozimitsa moto - akuipitsa madzi apansi panthaka pamlingo woopsa kwambiri kotero kuti EPA idatulutsa lipoti la Health Advisory.
Koma ngakhale madzi a m'mpopi a m'nyumba mwanu sali oipitsidwa, akhoza kukhala ndi fungo lachilendo chifukwa madzi apagulu amagwiritsa ntchito chlorine kupha mabakiteriya oyambitsa matenda monga Salmonella ndi Campylobacter. Ichi ndichifukwa chake akatswiri a Good Housekeeping Institute amayesa mitundu yonse ya zinthu zosefera madzi, kuyambira zosefera madzi zosavuta mpaka njira zothetsera mavuto za nyumba yonse. Ngakhale kuti njirazi zili ndi malo awo pamsika, akatswiri athu amati zosefera madzi zomwe sizigwiritsidwa ntchito m'madzi ndi zabwino kwambiri m'nyumba zambiri.
Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, zosefera pansi pa sinki zimayikidwa m'makabati pansi pa sinki ya kukhitchini; chotulutsira nthawi zambiri chimakhala pafupi ndi pompopu yanu yayikulu ya kukhitchini. Mainjiniya athu apeza kuti zosefera zabwino kwambiri pansi pa sinki zimagwira ntchito yabwino kwambiri yochotsa zodetsa popanda kutsekeka. Amachita izi mosamala. "Zosefera pansi pa sinki zimatenga malo ena a makabati, koma sizidzaza sinki ngati zosefera za pa countertop, ndipo sizokulirapo ngati zosefera zoyikidwa pa pompopu," akutero injiniya wamkulu Rachel Rothman. Good Housekeeping Academy, amayang'anira ndemanga yathu ya zosefera zamadzi.
Pofuna kuchepetsa mndandanda wa omwe akupikisana nawo, akatswiri athu adaganizira za zosefera zamadzi zokha zomwe zavomerezedwa ndi NSF International, bungwe lomwe limakhazikitsa miyezo yazaumoyo wa anthu onse komanso mapulogalamu a satifiketi yamakampani. Kwa zaka zambiri, tawunikira mfundo zambiri za data, monga kuwona ngati zosefera zili ndi satifiketi yogwirizana ndi miyezo ya NSF (miyezo ina imakhudza lead yokha, monga NSF 372, pomwe ina imaphatikizaponso poizoni waulimi ndi mafakitale, monga NSF 401). Monga gawo la mayeso athu ogwira ntchito, mainjiniya athu adaganizira zinthu monga kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi momwe zingakhalire zosavuta kukhazikitsa ndikusinthira fyulutayo. "Tinaganiziranso mbiri ya kampaniyi komanso kudalirika kwake, kuyesa zosefera zamadzi kwa zaka zambiri m'nyumba zathu ndi m'ma laboratories," adatero Rothman.
Kwa zaka 25 zapitazi, Aquasana yadzipangira mbiri yake ngati mtsogoleri pakusefa madzi. Fyuluta yake ya pansi pa sinki ya magawo atatu yapeza mphoto yayikulu kuchokera kwa mainjiniya athu chifukwa cha ukadaulo wake watsopano wosefa madzi ambiri, womwe uli ndi chiphaso cha NSF chogwira zinthu zodetsa 77 kuphatikizapo zitsulo zolemera, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, mankhwala ndi Disinfectant yochizira madzi. Ndi imodzi mwa zosefera zochepa zomwe zili ndi chiphaso chochotsa PFAS, chomwe ndi chifukwa chachikulu chomwe Dr. Birnur Aral, Mtsogoleri wa GH's Health, Beauty, Environment and Sustainability Laboratory, amasungira Aquasana iyi m'nyumba mwake. Monga momwe wasonyezera, ngakhale kuti amaigwiritsa ntchito m'mawa uliwonse pa chilichonse kuyambira kuphika mpaka kudzazanso makina a khofi, chipangizochi chimatha kusefa zonse popanda kutsekeka msanga kapena kuchepa kwa madzi - zambiri tsiku lonse, ndithudi Hydrate! • Mitundu ya zosefera: Pre-Filter, Activated Carbon, ndi Catalytic Carbon yokhala ndi Ion Exchange • Kutha kwa zosefera: 800 galoni • Mtengo wa Sefa pachaka: $140
Ngakhale sitinayesere dongosololi, Culligan ndi dzina lodalirika pa kusefa madzi lomwe lili ndi mbiri yotsimikizika mu ndemanga zakale za Good Housekeeping. Kuphatikiza pa mtengo wotsika woyamba, zosefera zosinthira ndizotsika mtengo. Ili ndi chitsimikizo chogwira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zoipitsa, kuphatikizapo lead, mercury, ndi cysts, ndipo imati imachepetsa kukoma ndi fungo la chlorine. Komabe, kusefa kwake kwa granular activated carbon sikwamphamvu ngati zina zosankhidwa kwambiri: Mwachitsanzo, fyulutayi sivomerezedwa ndi NSF Standard 401, yomwe imaphimba mankhwala, herbicides, ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. EZ-Change imatha kusefa magaloni 500 isanafunike kusinthidwa. Izi ndizolemekezeka pa fyuluta yotsika mtengo, koma yochepera magaloni 700 mpaka 800 omwe tawawona m'mitundu ina. • Mtundu wa Fyuluta: Granular Activated Carbon • Kutha kwa Fyuluta: magaloni 400 • Mtengo wa Fyuluta ya Pachaka: $80
Ngati malo osungira makabati kukhitchini yanu ndi okwera mtengo, mudzakonda kapangidwe kakang'ono ka fyuluta ya MultiPure pansi pa sinki. Poyesa kumunda, akatswiri athu adazindikira kuti chitseko cha 5.8″ x 5.8″ x 8.5″ chikhoza kuyikidwa pakhoma la kabati, zomwe zimasiya malo ambiri osungira zinthu zina pansi pa sinki. Kukhazikitsa koyamba ndikosavuta, ndipo kusintha fyuluta ndikosavuta. Yatsimikiziridwa ndi NSF Standards 42, 53 ndi 401, fyuluta ya solid carbon block imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pogwira zinthu zosiyanasiyana zodetsa. Oyesa athu akunena kuti ngati fyuluta isinthidwa chaka chilichonse, madzi amakhalabe olimba komanso okhazikika pamene madzi apakhomo akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. • Mtundu wa fyuluta: Solid Carbon Block • Kutha kwa fyuluta: 750 Gallons • Mtengo wa fyuluta pachaka: $96
Ngakhale kuti si zotsika mtengo, zosefera za Waterdrop zomwe zili pansi pa sinki zimawononga ndalama zambiri kuposa makina ena osinthira osmosis (RO). Malinga ndi wopanga, kapangidwe kake kopanda thanki kamasunga malo ndipo kamathandizanso kugwiritsa ntchito madzi moyenera. Ngakhale sitinayese chipangizochi, malipoti am'mbuyomu paukadaulo wa RO atsimikizira kuti chimagwira ntchito bwino pogwira zinthu zodetsa. Waterdrop yavomerezedwa ndi NSF 58, imodzi mwa miyezo yapamwamba kwambiri, kotero imatha kupirira chilichonse kuyambira zitsulo zolemera mpaka mankhwala mpaka PFAS. Mainjiniya athu amakonda kapangidwe kabwino ka chipangizochi, kuphatikiza kuwala kowunikira fyuluta pa faucet ndi gulu lowunikira lanzeru lomwe limakuuzani kuchuluka kwa TDS kapena zinthu zonse zosungunuka zomwe zasefedwa m'madzi. Chenjezo limodzi: Mosiyana ndi zosefera zina zomwe zili mu roundup iyi, Waterdrop si yoyenera madzi a m'chitsime chifukwa kukhalapo kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tambiri kungayambitse kutsekeka.
Mafyuluta ambiri amadzi apakhomo ndi ofunikira kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amapangidwira kusefa madzi kuchokera pa pompo imodzi. Nkhaniyi ikuyang'ana kwambiri pa mafyuluta omwe ali pansi pa sinki okhala ndi zotulutsira madzi monga mapaipi; akatswiri athu amawakonda chifukwa amaphatikiza magwiridwe antchito ndi kapangidwe koyera komanso kosunga malo. Mitundu ina ikuphatikizapo:
✔️ Zosefera za Mabotolo a Madzi: Mabotolo amadzi awa ndi njira yotsika mtengo komanso yosavuta yokhala ndi fyuluta yomwe imalola madzi kudutsa. Ndi abwino pamadzi ochepa, koma si abwino ngati mugwiritsa ntchito madzi osefedwa pophika ndi kumwa kapena muli ndi achibale angapo.
✔️ Fyuluta yamadzi mufiriji: Ngati firiji yanu ili ndi chotulutsira madzi, n'zotheka kuti ilinso ndi fyuluta, nthawi zambiri pamwamba pa chipangizocho, ngakhale opanga ena amabisa kuseri kwa bolodi lokongoletsa pansi. Chenjezo: Malinga ndi Home Appliance Manufacturers Association, pali mafyuluta ambiri abodza a firiji omwe amagulitsidwa pa intaneti, ndipo kapangidwe koyipa kamatanthauza kuti akhoza kuvulaza kwambiri kuposa zabwino. Onetsetsani kuti zosintha zilizonse zomwe mumagula zili ndi satifiketi ya NSF Standard 42 kuti muwonetsetse kuti zigawo zakuthupi za fyuluta sizitulutsa zinthu zodetsa m'madzi, komanso kuti ndi fyuluta yovomerezeka ndi wopanga.
✔️ Fyuluta ya Madzi ya Countertop: Ndi njira iyi, fyuluta imakhala pa countertop ndipo imalumikizana mwachindunji ndi pompopu yanu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti simukufunika kusintha mapaipi, ndipo imatha kuyikidwa mosavuta. Koma mafyuluta awa amadzaza sinki, ndipo sagwira ntchito ndi mapopu opumulira pansi.
✔️ Fyuluta ya Madzi Yoyikidwa mu Faucet: Mu dongosololi, fyuluta imayikidwa mwachindunji pa faucet yanu. Ambiri amakulolani kusintha pakati pa madzi osefedwa ndi osasefedwa. Ngakhale kuti ndi yosavuta kukhazikitsa, amawoneka osalimba, ndipo sagwiranso ntchito ndi ma faucet otsekeredwa pansi.
✔️ Zosefera Madzi za M'nyumba Yonse: Zimayikidwa pa payipi yaikulu ya madzi ya nyumba kuti zigwire matope ndi tinthu tina tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapezeka m'madzi a m'chitsime. Akatswiri athu amalimbikitsa kukhazikitsa fyuluta yachiwiri yogwiritsira ntchito kuti ichotse zodetsa zazing'ono.
Zosefera zambiri zapakhomo zimagwira ntchito podutsa madzi mu chinthu chogwira ntchito, monga kaboni kapena makala, kuti achotse zinyalala kudzera mu njira ya mankhwala. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, reverse osmosis (RO) imagwira zinthu zoipitsa mpweya mwa kukankhira madzi opanikizika kudzera mu nembanemba yomwe imatha kulowa madzi pang'ono. Njirayi ndi yothandiza kwambiri.
Vuto lake ndilakuti makina a RO nthawi zambiri amakhala okwera mtengo ndipo amawononga madzi ambiri, ndipo amafunika thanki lalikulu losungiramo zinthu, kotero sangathe kuyikidwa pansi pa sinki. Koma ukadaulowu ukupitilizabe kupanga zinthu zatsopano, kuphatikizapo mapangidwe ang'onoang'ono, opanda thanki monga mtundu wa Waterdrop womwe uli pamndandanda wathu. Ngakhale zili choncho, musanagule fyuluta yamadzi ya RO, akatswiri athu akulangizani kuti muyese madzi anu kuti mudziwe ngati fyuluta yachikhalidwe ipereka chitetezo chokwanira.
Ngati mutenga madzi mumzinda wanu, muyenera kulandira lipoti la pachaka la Consumer Confidence Report (CCR) lomwe limakuuzani zinthu zodetsa zomwe zapezeka m'madzi a m'boma lanu chaka chatha. Izi ndi mfundo zothandiza, koma ngati zinthu zoopsa zatuluka m'malo ogwiritsira ntchito madziwo n'kulowabe m'madzi anu, kuphatikizapo mapaipi a lead m'nyumba mwanu (ngati adamangidwa kale musanafike 1986). Palinso mabanja 13 miliyoni aku US omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zitsime zachinsinsi koma salandira CCR. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndi bwino kuyesa madzi anu nthawi zonse.
Zipangizo zodzipangira zokha, kuphatikizapo zochokera ku GH Seal Holder Safe Home, ndizotsika mtengo komanso zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito; Zipangizo za Safe Home ndi $30 pamadzi am'tawuni, ndipo $35 pa chitsime chachinsinsi. "Muyenera kudziwa zomwe zili m'madzi mwanu," adatero Chris Myers, purezidenti wa Environmental Lab, yemwe amapanga zidazi." Mwanjira imeneyi mutha kuyang'ana laser pa fyuluta yamadzi ndipo idzachotsa zomwe muyenera kuchotsa."
Ngakhale kuti makina onse ndi apadera, makina ambiri amabwera ndi ma fyuluta omwe amaikidwa pakhoma la mkati mwa kabati la sinki. Malekezero ena a fyuluta amalumikizidwa ku chingwe chanu cha madzi ozizira ndi cholumikizira chosinthika. Kulumikizana kwachiwiri kumachokera kumapeto ena a fyuluta kupita ku chotulutsira madzi, chomwe chili pa sinki yanu.
Kuyika chotulutsira madzi nthawi zambiri kumakhala kovuta kwambiri, chifukwa kumaphatikizapo kuboola mabowo pa kauntala. Munthu wodziwa bwino ntchito yake ayenera kukhala wokhoza kugwira ntchitoyo, koma ngati mulibe chidziwitso, kungakhale koyenera kulemba ntchito wokonza mapaipi, makamaka ngati mapaipi anu akufunika kusinthidwa.