Nthawi yoyamba yomwe ndinalowa m'sitolo yayikulu yokonza zinthu zogulira zinthu zotsukira madzi kuti ndikagule chotsukira madzi, ndinayima m'njira kwa mphindi makumi anayi ndi zisanu, nditafooka. Dongosolo lina linali ndi magawo asanu. Lina linanena kuti asanu ndi awiri. Lachitatu linalonjeza "kusefa kwapamwamba kwa magawo asanu ndi anayi." Mapaketiwo anandiitana manambala: 5, 7, 9, 12, ngakhale magawo 14 pa chipangizo chimodzi chapamwamba.

Ndachita zomwe aliyense wogwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru angachite. Ndagula yomwe ili ndi magawo ambiri. Khumi ndi anayi ayenera kukhala abwino kuposa asanu, sichoncho? Zosefera zambiri zikutanthauza madzi oyera. Ndi masamu osavuta.

Ndinalakwitsa. Zochititsa manyazi, zodula, komanso zooneka bwino. Ndipo zinanditengera zaka zitatu ndikulankhula ndi injiniya woyeretsa madzi kuti ndimvetse chifukwa chake.

Kunyenga kwa Zambiri

Pali mphamvu yamphamvu yamaganizo yomwe imagwira ntchito tikamagula makina oyeretsera madzi. Tikupanga chisankho chokhudza thanzi la banja lathu, kotero timasamala. Ngati china chake chikunena kuti chikuchita zambiri, timaganiza kuti ndi chotetezeka. Opanga amadziwa izi. Asintha chiwerengero cha zosefera kukhala mpikisano wa zida zotsatsa.

Koma zoona zake n’zakuti palibe phukusi lomwe lingakuuzeni: dongosolo lopangidwa bwino la magawo atatu nthawi zambiri limachita bwino kuposa dongosolo lopangidwa molakwika la magawo asanu ndi awiri. Chiwerengero cha zosefera sichitanthauza kanthu popanda kumvetsetsa zomwe fyuluta iliyonse imachita komanso ngati mukufunikiradi.

Kapangidwe ka Dongosolo la Fyuluta: Zimene Gawo Lililonse Limachita Kwenikweni

Musanayambe kuwunika dongosolo, muyenera kumvetsetsa ntchito ya gawo lililonse. Umu ndi momwe magawo owerengekawo nthawi zambiri amayimira.

Gawo 1: Sediment Fyuluta
Ichi ndi chinthu choyimitsa pa kalabu. Chimagwira tinthu ting'onoting'ono tomwe timaoneka ngati dzimbiri, mchenga, matope, dothi. Ndikofunikira kwambiri poteteza chilichonse chomwe chili pansi pa madzi. Koma fyuluta ya sediment ndi fyuluta ya sediment. Simukusowa ziwiri kapena zitatu. Chimodzi chabwino chimagwira ntchitoyo.

Gawo 2: Mpweya Wogwiritsidwa Ntchito (Pre-RO)
Fyuluta iyi imachotsa chlorine, chloramines, ndi ma volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Imateteza nembanemba ya RO ku kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala. Apanso, carbon block imodzi yabwino imaposa ziwiri zapakatikati.

Gawo 3: Reverse Osmosis Membrane
Apa ndiye mtima wa dongosolo la RO. Limachotsa zinthu zolimba zosungunuka, zitsulo zolemera, ndi zinthu zodetsa zazing'ono kwambiri. Apa ndi pomwe kuyeretsedwa kwenikweni kumachitika. Chilichonse chomwe chisanachitike chimachiteteza; chilichonse chomwe chitatha chimapukuta zotsatira zake.

Magawo 4-∞: Zosefera za "Bonasi"
Apa ndi pomwe zinthu zimayamba kukhala zatsopano. Opanga amawonjezera:

• Zosefera za post-carbon: Zokometsera kukoma pambuyo pa nembanemba ya RO
• Zosefera za alkaline: Kukweza pH ndikuwonjezera mchere
• Magetsi a UV: Kupha mabakiteriya otsala
• Ma resini osinthira ma ion: Kuti madzi azitha kufewetsedwa kwambiri
• Mipira ya Tourmaline kapena ceramic: Zonena zosiyanasiyana za "kupatsa mphamvu" kapena "kupanga" madzi
• Miyala ya mchere: Kuwonjezera calcium, magnesium, kapena zinthu zina

Zina mwa izi zili ndi phindu. Zambiri mwa malonda zikuyenda bwino zomwe zimawonjezera ndalama, zovuta, komanso kulephera popanda phindu lenileni.

Nkhani Yotsutsana ndi Zovuta

Dongosolo langa la magawo khumi ndi anayi linandiphunzitsa maphunziro opweteka okhudza uinjiniya wopitirira muyeso.

Mfundo Zolephera Zambiri

Chipinda chilichonse chosungiramo fyuluta chingathe kutayikira. Chilumikizano chilichonse chingathe kulephera. Dongosolo langa la magawo khumi ndi anayi linali ndi maulumikizidwe makumi atatu ndi asanu ndi awiri payokha. Dongosolo losavuta la magawo atatu likhoza kukhala ndi khumi ndi awiri. Fyuluta iliyonse yowonjezera imachulukitsa chiopsezo chanu cha kutayikira, kutsika kwa mphamvu, ndi kulephera kwa zigawo.

Ndalama Zobisika Zimachulukana

Zosefera khumi ndi zinayi zimenezo sizimatenga nthawi yofanana. Zina zimafunika kusinthidwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse. Zina khumi ndi ziwiri zilizonse. Zina zaka ziwiri zilizonse. Kusunga ndondomeko yosinthasintha kunakhala ntchito ya nthawi yochepa. Ndipo pamene ndinawonjezera ndalama zokwana $400 pachaka? Pafupifupi $400 pachaka. Dongosolo lapamwamba la magawo atatu likanatha pafupifupi $100 pachaka.

Kutaya kwa Kupanikizika Ndikowona

Fyuluta iliyonse imapanga kukana. Madzi ayenera kudutsa gawo lililonse. Dongosolo langa la magawo khumi ndi anayi limapereka madzi pang'onopang'ono, ngakhale kuti linayesedwa kuti limayenda bwino. Kukana konse kwa magawo onse "owonjezera" kunalepheretsa kutulutsa madzi.

Zonena Zosatsimikizika

Zosefera "zopatsa mphamvu" ndi "zokonza" sizinali ndi chithandizo cha sayansi. Wopanga sanathe kupereka zotsatira zodziyimira pawokha zomwe zikusonyeza ubwino uliwonse pa thanzi. Ndinali kulipira sayansi yabodza yomwe inaoneka ngati ukadaulo wapamwamba.

Tanki Inakhala Vuto

Ndi magawo ambiri, makina anga anali ndi thanki lalikulu losungiramo zinthu. Madzi osasunthika anakhala pamenepo kwa maola ambiri, nthawi zina masiku, pang'onopang'ono akutaya mphamvu. Pamene ndinamvetsa vutoli, ndinali kumwa madzi omwe anali atakhazikika mu pulasitiki ndi rabala kwa theka la tsiku.

Zimene Dongosolo Labwino Limafunikiradi

Pambuyo pa ngozi yanga ya magawo khumi ndi anayi, ndinafunsa injiniya wa mankhwala a madzi yemwe amapanga makina azipatala ndi ma laboratories. Uphungu wake unali wosavuta komanso wosintha zinthu.

Gawo 1: Yesani Madzi Anu

“Musanagule fyuluta iliyonse,” iye anatero, “muyenera kudziwa zomwe mukusefa. Anthu ambiri amagula mayankho asanamvetse vutolo.”

Kuyesa kwathunthu kwa madzi kunandiuza kuti:

• Madzi a m'boma langa anali oyera koma anali ndi chlorine yambiri
• Palibe zitsulo zolemera zoti mudandaule nazo
• Kuuma pang'ono koma osati koopsa
• Palibe kuipitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya

Gawo 2: Gwirizanitsani Ukadaulo ndi Vuto

Kutengera ndi zotsatira za mayeso anga, adapanga dongosolo lomwe linali ndi zomwe ndinkafuna ndipo palibe chomwe sindinachifune.

• Gawo 1: Fyuluta ya sediment yapamwamba kwambiri (5-micron, pleated) ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono
• Gawo 2: Chosefera cha kaboni chothandiza (osati kaboni wokha) chopangidwira makamaka kuchotsa chloramine, popeza mzinda wanga umagwiritsa ntchito chloramines, osati chlorine yokha
• Gawo 3: Nembanemba ya RO yopangidwa ndi filimu yopyapyala yochokera kwa wopanga wamkulu, yofanana ndi madzi omwe banja langa limagwiritsa ntchito
• Thanki yaying'ono yokhala ndi mphamvu (osati yayikulu) kuti ichepetse kuima
• Palibe fyuluta ya alkaline (ndimakonda kukoma kwa madzi osalowerera)
• Palibe kuwala kwa UV (kosayenera pamadzi a m'boma popanda vuto la mabakiteriya)
• Palibe miyala "yopatsa mphamvu" (mwachionekere)

Magawo onse: Anayi. Magawo enieni, ogwira ntchito: Atatu kuphatikiza thanki imodzi.

Gawo 3: Ikani Ubwino Patsogolo Kuposa Kuchuluka

Mainjiniya anagogomezera kuti ubwino wa gawo lililonse unali wofunika kwambiri kuposa kuchuluka kwa magawo.

• Fyuluta ya sediment yapamwamba kwambiri yochokera kwa wopanga wodziwika bwino imagwira ntchito bwino kuposa zitatu zotsika mtengo
• Chotchinga cha kaboni chapamwamba kwambiri chimachotsa zodetsa zambiri kuposa zosefera ziwiri za kaboni zomwe zimayikidwa motsatizana
• Nembanemba ya RO yodziwika bwino yochokera ku Dow kapena Hydranautics imakhala nthawi yayitali ndipo imakana zinthu zodetsa kuposa nembanemba yopanda chizindikiro, ngakhale mu dongosolo la "magawo asanu ndi awiri".

Mafunso Atatu Omwe Muyenera Kufunsa M'malo mwa "Masitepe Angati?"

Mukagula chotsukira madzi, pewani kuyerekeza kuwerengera anthu omwe akuyembekezera kuchita masewero. M'malo mwake funsani mafunso awa.

1. "Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimachotsa gawo lililonse, ndipo mumadziwa bwanji?"

Ngati wogulitsa sangathe kunena zotsatira za mayeso odziyimira pawokha (ma satifiketi a NSF ndiye muyezo wabwino kwambiri), akugulitsa malonda, osati sayansi.

2. "Kodi mtengo wa pachaka wa zosefera zosinthira ndi wotani, ndipo kodi ndi zachizolowezi kapena za mwiniwake?"

Dongosolo lokhala ndi zosefera zotsika mtengo zomwe zimawononga $200 pachaka ndi loipa kuposa dongosolo lomwe limawononga ndalama zambiri pasadakhale koma zosefera wamba zomwe zimawononga $80 pachaka.

3. "Kodi mungandiwonetse kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi zomwe zimafunika pa dongosololi m'nyumba mwanga?"

Dongosolo lomwe limalonjeza kuyenda bwino koma limafuna 60 PSI kuti likwaniritse siligwira ntchito bwino m'nyumba yokhala ndi 40 PSI, mosasamala kanthu kuti lili ndi magawo angati.

ROI ya Kusavuta

Dongosolo langa latsopano la magawo atatu (kuphatikiza thanki) lakhala likugwira ntchito kwa zaka ziwiri popanda vuto lililonse. Limapanga madzi mwachangu, limakoma bwino, ndipo limawononga ndalama zochepa kusamalira poyerekeza ndi chilombo cha magawo khumi ndi anayi chomwe chinalowa m'malo mwake.

Masamu ndi osavuta:

Ndinasunga ndalama zokwana $2,000 ndipo ndinapeza madzi abwino.

Phunziro Lomaliza

Pomaliza nditachotsa makina okhala ndi magawo khumi ndi anayi, ndinawachotsa chifukwa cha chidwi. Mkati mwa siteji "yopatsa mphamvu", ndinapeza katiriji yapulasitiki yotsekedwa yokhala ndi mikanda ingapo ya ceramic. Gawo la "kuwonjezera mchere" linali ndi miyala yophwanyika pang'ono. Gawo la "UV" linali labuluu losavuta lopanda kutalika kwenikweni kwa mabakiteriya.

Ndinali nditalipira ndalama zambiri kuti ndigule magetsi okongoletsera, mikanda yadothi, ndi miyala yophwanyika. Zonsezi zinali zobisika mkati mwa nyumba yokongola yapulasitiki yomwe inkalonjeza "kuyeretsa kwapamwamba kwa magawo khumi ndi anayi."

Chotsukira madzi chabwino kwambiri si chomwe chili ndi zosefera zambiri. Ndi chomwe chili ndi zosefera zoyenera, zopangidwa bwino, zoyesedwa moona mtima, komanso zogwirizana ndi madzi anu enieni. Musawerengere magawo. Werengani zofunikira. Khulupirirani sayansi. Ndipo musaganize kuti zambiri ndi zambiri.

Nthawi zina, zochepa ndi zomwe mukufuna.