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Ma fyuluta amadzi a Big Berkey ali ndi otsatira ambiri. Takhala tikufufuza ma pitcher abwino kwambiri a fyuluta yamadzi ndi ma fyuluta abwino kwambiri amadzi pansi pa sinki kwa zaka zambiri, ndipo takhala tikufunsidwa za Big Berkey kangapo. Wopanga amanena kuti fyuluta iyi imatha kuchotsa zodetsa zambiri kuposa ma fyuluta ena. Komabe, mosiyana ndi njira zina zathu zosefera, Big Berkey siili ndi chiphaso chodziyimira payokha malinga ndi miyezo ya NSF/ANSI.
Pambuyo pa maola 50 a kafukufuku ndi kuyesa payekha kwa labu pa zomwe wopanga Big Berkey adanena, zotsatira zathu za mayeso, komanso zotsatira za labu ina yomwe tidalankhula nayo komanso labu yachitatu yomwe zotsatira zake zimapezeka pagulu, sizikugwirizana kwenikweni. Tikukhulupirira kuti izi zikuwonetsanso kufunika kwa satifiketi ya NSF/ANSI: imalola anthu kupanga zisankho zogula potengera kufananiza kodalirika kwa magwiridwe antchito pakati pa maapulo ndi maapulo. Kuphatikiza apo, popeza dongosolo la Big Berkey ndi lalikulu, lokwera mtengo, komanso lovuta kusamalira kuposa ma pitcher ndi zosefera zomwe sizikumira pansi pa sinki, sitingalimbikitse ngakhale litatsimikiziridwa.
Makina ndi zosefera za Berkey countertop ndi zodula kwambiri kuposa njira zina zosefera madzi ndipo sizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Zonena za magwiridwe antchito a opanga sizikutsimikiziridwa paokha malinga ndi miyezo ya dziko.
Kampani ya New Millennium Concepts, yomwe imapanga Big Berkey, imati fyuluta iyi imatha kuchotsa zinthu zodetsa zoposa zana, zomwe ndi zambiri kuposa mafyuluta ena omwe amadya mphamvu yokoka omwe tawawunikanso. Tinayesa zomwe tanenazi pamlingo wochepa, ndipo zotsatira zathu sizinali zogwirizana nthawi zonse ndi zotsatira za labotale zomwe New Millennium idapereka. Makamaka, zotsatira za labotale zomwe tidapereka komanso kuchokera ku labotale yomwe New Millennium idapereka posachedwapa zasonyeza kuti kusefa kwa chloroform sikunali kothandiza ngati mayeso achitatu am'mbuyomu (omwe adanenedwanso m'mabuku azinthu za New Millennium).
Palibe mayeso omwe tatchula pano (kuyesa kwathu kapena kuyesa kwa Envirotek kapena kuyesa kwa mgwirizano wa Los Angeles County Laboratory's New Millennium) komwe kumakwaniritsa zovuta za mayeso a NSF/ANSI. Makamaka, NSF/ANSI imafuna kuti mtundu wa fyuluta yomwe Berkey amagwiritsa ntchito uyenera kupitirira kawiri mphamvu yoyesedwa ya fyuluta yomwe madzi otayira akuyezedwa asanayesedwe. Ngakhale mayeso onse omwe timachita ndi New Millennium, monga momwe timadziwira, ndi athunthu komanso aukadaulo, aliyense amagwiritsa ntchito njira yakeyake, yosafuna ntchito yambiri. Popeza palibe mayeso omwe adachitika motsatira miyezo yonse ya NSF/ANSI, tilibe njira yomveka bwino yofananizira zotsatira zake molondola kapena kuyerekeza magwiridwe antchito onse a fyuluta ya Burkey ndi zomwe tidayesa kale.
Gawo limodzi lomwe aliyense anagwirizana nalo linali kuchotsa lead m'madzi akumwa, zomwe zinasonyeza kuti Big Berkey inachita bwino kuchotsa zitsulo zolemera. Chifukwa chake ngati muli ndi vuto lodziwika bwino ndi lead kapena zitsulo zina m'madzi anu, kungakhale koyenera kuyang'ana Big Berks ngati njira yakanthawi.
Kuwonjezera pa vuto loyerekeza zotsatira zotsutsana za labotale, New Millennium Concepts sinayankhe mafunso ambiri okhudza kuyankhulana kuti tikambirane zomwe tapeza. Ponseponse, malipoti athu amatipatsa kumvetsetsa pang'ono za machitidwe a Berkey, zomwe sizili choncho ndi opanga mafyuluta ena ambiri.
Pa kusefa madzi tsiku ndi tsiku, zosefera zambiri zovomerezeka ndi NSF/ANSI ndi zotsika mtengo kugula ndi kusamalira, komanso zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Zimathandizanso kuti munthu akhale ndi udindo woyesa madzi payekha komanso mowonekera bwino.
Kumbukirani kuti njira zambiri zamadzi za m'matauni ndi zotetezeka, kotero pokhapokha ngati mukudziwa kuti pali vuto m'deralo, mwina simungafunike kusefedwa pazifukwa zathanzi. Ngati kukonzekera mwadzidzidzi ndi vuto lalikulu kwa inu, ganizirani malangizo ochokera ku bukhu lathu lokonzekera mwadzidzidzi, lomwe lili ndi zinthu ndi malangizo osungira madzi oyera mosavuta.
Kuyambira mu 2016, ndakhala ndikuyang'anira buku lathu lotsogolera zosefera madzi, kuphatikizapo mitsuko ndi makina osungira madzi pansi pa sinki. John Holecek ndi wofufuza wakale wa NOAA yemwe wakhala akuchita mayeso a mpweya ndi madzi kwa ife kuyambira mu 2014. Iye adapanga mayankho oyesera ndipo adagwira ntchito ndi ma lab odziyimira pawokha m'malo mwa Wirecutter kuti alembe bukuli ndi buku lotsogolera zosefera madzi. EnviroMatrix Analytical yavomerezedwa ndi Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ku California kuti iyese madzi akumwa nthawi zonse.
Makina osefera a Big Berkey ndi makina ena ofanana ndi a Alexapure ndi ProOne (omwe kale anali Propur) ndi otchuka pakati pa anthu omwe amadalira madzi a m'chitsime, omwe angakhale ndi zinthu zodetsa zomwe zikanachotsedwa ndi malo oyeretsera madzi a m'matauni. Burkey ilinso ndi otsatira ambiri pakati pa akatswiri okonzekera masoka komanso okayikira boma. 1 Ogulitsa ku Berkey amalengeza makinawa ngati zida zodzitetezera mwadzidzidzi, ndipo malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwina amatha kupereka madzi akumwa osefedwa kwa anthu 170 patsiku.
Kaya chifukwa chake mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za Berkey kapena njira ina iliyonse yosefera madzi, tiyenera kutsindika kuti madzi ambiri a m'matauni ku United States ndi oyera kwambiri poyamba. Palibe fyuluta yomwe ingachotse zinthu zodetsa zomwe sizinalipo kale, kotero pokhapokha ngati muli ndi vuto lodziwika, mwina simungafunikire fyuluta konse.
Opanga Big Berkey amanena kuti chipangizochi chimatha kuchotsa zinthu zodetsa zoposa zana (zambiri kuposa fyuluta ina iliyonse yokoka yomwe tawunikira). Popeza fyuluta iyi sivomerezedwa ndi NSF/ANSI (mosiyana ndi mafyuluta ena onse omwe timalimbikitsa m'mabuku ena), tilibe maziko olimba oyerekeza ndi mafyuluta ena omwe tidayesa kale. Chifukwa chake tidaganiza zoyesa pawokha kuti tiyese kubwereza zina mwa zotsatirazi.
Pofuna kuyesa zomwe akunenazi, monga momwe zinalili ndi mayeso a chidebe, John Holecek anakonza zomwe adazitcha "mayankho a mavuto" ndipo anaziyendetsa kudzera mu dongosolo la Big Berkey (lokhala ndi fyuluta ya Black Berkey). Kenako anatumiza zitsanzo za yankho ndi madzi osefedwa ku EnviroMatrix Analytical, labotale yodziyimira payokha yovomerezedwa ndi Boma la California, kuti akawunikenso. Kuti achite mayeso a Big Burkey, anakonza mayankho awiri: limodzi lokhala ndi lead yambiri yosungunuka, ndi lina lokhala ndi chloroform. Apereka lingaliro la momwe fyuluta imagwirira ntchito bwino poyerekeza ndi zitsulo zolemera ndi mankhwala achilengedwe.
John adakonza zitsanzo zowongolera kuti zikwaniritse kapena kupitirira kuchuluka kwa zodetsa zomwe zafotokozedwa mu satifiketi ya NSF/ANSI (150 µg/L ya lead ndi 300 µg/L ya chloroform). Malinga ndi mayeso a utoto a Berkey (kanema), atatsimikizira kuti fyulutayo idayikidwa ndipo ikugwira ntchito bwino, adayendetsa galoni imodzi ya yankho lodetsa kudzera mu Berkey ndikutaya filtrate (madzi ndi china chilichonse chomwe chimadutsa mu fyulutayo). Kuti ayesere yankho lodetsa, adasefa magaloni awiri amadzimadzi kudzera mu Burkey, adachotsa chitsanzo chowongolera kuchokera mu galoni yachiwiri, ndikusonkhanitsa zitsanzo ziwiri zoyesera za filtrate kuchokera pamenepo. Zitsanzo zowongolera ndi kutulutsa madzi zidatumizidwa ku EnviroMatrix Analytical kuti zikayesedwe. Chifukwa chloroform ndi yosinthasintha kwambiri ndipo "imafuna" kusungunuka ndikuphatikiza ndi mankhwala ena omwe alipo, John amasakaniza chloroform mu yankho lodetsa asanasefe.
EnviroMatrix Analytical imagwiritsa ntchito gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) poyesa chloroform ndi mankhwala ena aliwonse osasunthika achilengedwe (kapena ma VOC). Kuchuluka kwa lead kunayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) malinga ndi EPA Method 200.8.
Zotsatira za EnviroMatrix Analytical zikutsutsana pang'ono ndipo zikugwirizana pang'ono ndi zomwe New Millennium ikunena. Ma filters akuda a Berkey sagwira ntchito bwino pochotsa chloroform. Kumbali ina, amachita ntchito yabwino kwambiri yochepetsa lead. (Onani gawo lotsatira kuti mupeze zotsatira zonse.)
Tinagawana zotsatira zathu za labu ndi Jamie Young, katswiri wa zamankhwala komanso mwini/wogwiritsa ntchito labu yoyesera madzi yovomerezeka ku New Jersey (yomwe panthawiyo inkadziwika kuti Envirotek) yoyendetsedwa ndi New Millennium Concepts (yomwe inapanga dongosolo la Big Berkey) yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 2014. 2 Young adatsimikizira zomwe tapeza ndi chloroform ndi lead.
New Millennium yalamula mayeso ena m'mbuyomu, kuphatikizapo imodzi mu 2012 yomwe idachitidwa ndi Los Angeles County Agricultural Commissioner/Department of Weights and Measures Environmental Toxicology Laboratory; mu lipotili, chloroform (PDF) yalembedwadi ngati Black Berkey malinga ndi miyezo ya dipatimenti (EPA, osati imodzi mwa zodetsa zomwe zachotsedwa ndi NSF/ANSI). Pambuyo poyesa mu 2012, ntchito ya poizoni idasamutsidwira ku Los Angeles Department of Public Health. Tinalumikizana ndi DPH ndipo adatsimikiza kuti lipoti loyambirira linali lolondola. Koma New Millennium idafotokoza mayeso a Young ngati "gawo laposachedwa" ndipo zotsatira zake ndi zaposachedwa kwambiri zomwe zalembedwa mu Birkey Water Knowledge Base, yomwe New Millennium imasunga kuti ilembe zotsatira za mayeso ndikuyankha mafunso omwe amafunsidwa pafupipafupi patsamba lodziyimira pawokha.
Njira zoyesera za Wirecutter, Young ndi Los Angeles County sizikugwirizana. Ndipo popeza palibe chilichonse mwa izo chomwe chikukwaniritsa miyezo ya NSF/ANSI, tilibe maziko ofanana ofananizira zotsatira.
Motero, maganizo athu onse okhudza dongosolo la Big Berkey sadalira kwambiri zotsatira za mayeso athu. Big Berkey ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito komanso yotsika mtengo kotero kuti tikupangira fyuluta ya canister yokhazikika yomwe imadya mphamvu yokoka kwa owerenga ambiri, ngakhale kuti Berkey imachita chilichonse chomwe New Millennium ikunena kuti ingachite ngati fyuluta.
Tinatsegulanso ma fyuluta angapo a Black Berkey kuti tiwone momwe amapangidwira ndikupeza umboni woti ali ndi "zosachepera" zinthu zisanu ndi chimodzi zosiyana za fyuluta, monga momwe dipatimenti yotsatsa malonda ya Berkey imanenera. Tinapeza kuti ngakhale fyuluta ya Berkey ndi yayikulu komanso yokhuthala kuposa ma fyuluta a Brita ndi 3M Filtrete, zikuwoneka kuti zili ndi njira yofanana yosefera: mpweya woyatsidwa womwe umalowetsedwa ndi utomoni wosinthana ndi ma ion.
Makina osefera a Berkey ali m'gulu lalikulu la zosefera zomwe zimadya mphamvu yokoka. Zipangizo zosavutazi zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yokoka kuti zikoke madzi ochokera ku chipinda chapamwamba kudzera mu fyuluta yopyapyala; madzi osefera amasonkhanitsidwa m'chipinda chapansi ndipo amatha kugawidwa kuchokera pamenepo. Iyi ndi njira yothandiza komanso yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, yomwe zosefera za m'chitini ndi chitsanzo chodziwika bwino.
Zosefera za Berkey zimathandiza kwambiri pochiza madzi akumwa omwe ali ndi lead. Mu mayeso athu, adachepetsa kuchuluka kwa lead kuchokera pa 170 µg/L kufika pa 0.12 µg/L yokha, zomwe zimaposa kwambiri zomwe NSF/ANSI imafuna pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa lead kuchokera pa 150 µg/L kufika pa 10 µg/L kapena kutsika.
Koma mu mayeso athu ndi chloroform, fyuluta ya Black Berkey sinachite bwino, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chloroform mu chitsanzo choyesera ndi 13% yokha, kuchokera pa 150 µg/L mpaka 130 µg/L. NSF/ANSI imafuna kuchepetsedwa ndi 95% kuchokera pa 300 µg/L kufika pa 15 µg/L kapena kuchepera. (Yankho lathu loyesa linakonzedwa motsatira muyezo wa NSF/ANSI wa 300 µg/L, koma kusinthasintha kwa chloroform kumatanthauza kuti imapanga mankhwala atsopano mwachangu kapena kuphwa, kotero kuchuluka kwake kumatsika kufika pa 150 µg/L ikayesedwa. Koma mayeso a EnviroMatrix Analytical amajambulanso (mankhwala ena osinthika omwe chloroform ingapangitse, kotero tikukhulupirira kuti zotsatira zake ndi zolondola.) Jamie Young, injiniya wovomerezeka woyesa madzi wochokera ku New Jersey yemwe adachita mayeso aposachedwa a New Millennium Concepts, nayenso sanachite bwino ndi chloroform kuchokera ku fyuluta ya Black Berkey.
Komabe, New Millennium Concepts imanena pa bokosi la zosefera kuti fyuluta ya Black Berkey imachepetsa chloroform ndi 99.8% kufika "pansi pa malire omwe angapezeke m'ma laboratories." (Nambala iyi ikuwoneka kuti ikuchokera ku zotsatira za mayeso zomwe Los Angeles County Laboratory adachita mu 2012. Zotsatira za mayeso [PDF] zikupezeka mu Berkey Water, zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi (koma osati gawo la) tsamba lalikulu la Berkey.)
Kunena zoona, ife, Envirotek, kapena Los Angeles County sitinatsatire njira yonse ya NSF/ANSI Standard 53 yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zosefera mphamvu yokoka monga Black Berkey.
Pankhani yathu, tinachita mayeso a labotale pambuyo poti Black Berkeys yasefa magaloni angapo a yankho lokonzedwa ku kuchuluka kwa NSF/ANSI. Koma satifiketi ya NSF/ANSI imafuna kuti zosefera zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi mphamvu yokoka zipirire kuwirikiza kawiri mphamvu yawo yoyendera madzi isanayesedwe. Pa fyuluta ya Black Berkey, izi zikutanthauza magaloni 6,000.
Monga ife, Jamie Young adakonza yankho loyesera motsatira NSF/ANSI Standard 53, koma silinadutse mu protocol yonse ya Standard 53, yomwe inkafuna magaloni 6,000 a yankho lodetsa lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Black Berries kuti lidutse mu fyuluta. Iye adanenanso kuti m'mayeso ake fyulutayo idachitanso bwino ndi lead, zomwe zidatsimikizira zomwe tidapeza. Komabe, adati sakukwaniritsanso miyezo yochotsera ya NSF atasefa magaloni pafupifupi 1,100 - gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a New Millennium's idati nthawi yotsala ya magaloni 3,000 ya ma fyuluta a Black Berkey.
Los Angeles County ikutsatira njira yosiyana ya EPA momwe chitsanzo chimodzi chokha cha lita ziwiri cha yankho la chitsanzo chimadutsa mu fyuluta. Mosiyana ndi ife ndi Young, chigawochi chinapeza kuti fyuluta ya Black Berkey inachotsa chloroform kuti iyesedwe, pankhaniyi yoposa 99.8%, kuchokera pa 250 µg/L mpaka yochepera 0.5 µg/L.
Zotsatira zosasinthasintha kuchokera ku mayeso athu poyerekeza ndi zomwe zachokera ku ma lab awiri omwe Burkey adalamula zimatipangitsa kukayikira kupangira fyuluta iyi, makamaka pamene mungapeze njira zina zovomerezeka zomwe zimayankha mafunso onse otseguka awa.
Ponseponse, zomwe takumana nazo poyesa zikugwirizana ndi zomwe tikuganiza: tikupangira zosefera zamadzi zokhala ndi satifiketi ya NSF/ANSI, pomwe Berkey ilibe satifiketi yotere. Izi zili choncho chifukwa miyezo ya satifiketi ya NSF/ANSI ndi yokhwima kwambiri komanso yowonekera bwino: aliyense akhoza kuiwerenga patsamba la NSF. Ma laboratories odziyimira pawokha omwe avomerezedwa kuti ayesere satifiketi ya NSF/ANSI ndi ovomerezeka okha. Titalemba za bukuli, tinalankhula ndi NSF ndipo tinapeza kuti zingawononge ndalama zoposa $1 miliyoni kuti ayesere satifiketi ya zinthu zonse zomwe New Millennium Concepts ikunena kuti fyuluta ya Black Berkey imachotsa. New Millennium inati ikukhulupirira kuti satifiketi ya NSF siyofunikira, ponena kuti mtengo wake ndi chifukwa china chomwe sichinayesere.
Koma ngakhale kuti kusefa kwenikweni kuli bwino, pali mavuto ambiri ndi fyuluta iyi kotero kuti n'zosavuta kuti tilimbikitse imodzi mwa njira zathu zina zosefera madzi tisanapereke Big Berkey. Choyamba, dongosolo la Berkey ndi lokwera mtengo kwambiri kugula ndi kusamalira kuposa fyuluta iliyonse yomwe timalimbikitsa. Mosiyana ndi zosefera zomwe timalimbikitsa, Berkey ndi yayikulu komanso yokongola. Yapangidwa kuti iike patebulo. Koma popeza ndi yayitali mainchesi 19, siikwanira pansi pa makabati ambiri a pakhoma, omwe nthawi zambiri amaikidwa mainchesi 18 pamwamba pa kauntala. Berkey ndi yayitali kwambiri kuti igwirizane ndi makonzedwe ambiri a firiji. Mwanjira imeneyi, simungasunge madzi ozizira ku Berkey (zomwe n'zosavuta kuchita ndi chosankha cha oyendetsa sitima yathu ndi fyuluta). New Millennium Concepts imapereka bulaketi ya mainchesi 5 kuti zikhale zosavuta kuyika magalasi pansi pa chitoliro cha Big Berkey, koma mabaketi awa amawononga ndalama zambiri ndipo amawonjezera kutalika kwa chipangizo chomwe chili kale chachitali.
Wolemba Wirecutter yemwe kale anali ndi Big Berkey analemba za zomwe adakumana nazo: "Kupatula kuti chipangizocho ndi chachikulu kwambiri, thanki lapamwamba limatha kudzaza mosavuta ngati muiwala kutulutsa madzi mu thanki la pansi. Lili lolemera pang'ono komanso lalikulu ndipo limayamba kusefa nthawi yomweyo. Chifukwa chake muyenera kulikweza kuti mupeze malo osungira fyuluta ya kaboni (yomwe ndi yayitali komanso yofooka) kenako muyiike mu sinki la pansi lisanayambe kutayikira pansi kapena pa kauntala."
Mkonzi wina wa Wirecutter anali ndi Big Berkey (yomwe ili ndi fyuluta ya ceramic yomwe kampaniyo ingathe kuisintha) koma anasiya kuigwiritsa ntchito mwachangu. "Inali mphatso yochokera kwa mkazi wanga chifukwa ndinaiona kunyumba kwa mnzanga ndipo ndinaganiza kuti madzi omwe amatuluka anali okoma kwambiri," adatero. "Kukhala ndi imodzi inali nkhani yosiyana kwambiri. Malo okhala pa kauntala, molunjika komanso molunjika, anali akulu komanso osasangalatsa. Ndipo sinki ya kukhitchini yomwe tinkakhalamo inali yaying'ono kwambiri kotero kuti inali ntchito yovuta kuyeretsa."
Timaonanso eni ake ambiri akudandaula za kukula kwa algae ndi mabakiteriya, ndipo nthawi zambiri, mamina mu Great Berkies yawo. New Millenium Concepts imazindikira vutoli ndipo imalimbikitsa kuwonjezera Berkey Biofilm Drops m'madzi osefedwa. Ili ndi vuto lalikulu kotero kuti ogulitsa ambiri a Berkey apereka tsamba lonse pankhaniyi.
Ogulitsa ambiri amavomereza kuti kukula kwa mabakiteriya kungakhale vuto, koma nthawi zambiri amanena kuti kudzaonekera patatha zaka zingapo akugwiritsa ntchito, koma sizili choncho ndi olemba athu. "Inayamba pasanathe chaka," adatero. "Madziwo amakoma ngati matope, ndipo zipinda zonse zapamwamba ndi zapansi zimayamba kununkhiza matope. Ndimawatsuka bwino, kutsuka zosefera ndikuzichotsa kuti ndifike pa zolumikizira zazing'ono zonse, ndikuonetsetsa kuti ndatsuka mkati mwa pompo. Pakatha masiku awiri kapena atatu. Patatha masiku angapo fungo la madziwo linakhala labwinobwino kenako linakhalanso ngati matope. Ndinasiya Birki ndipo ndinamva chisoni."
Kuti muchotse algae ndi matope a bakiteriya mu fyuluta ya Black Berkey, yeretsani pamwamba ndi Scotch-Brite, chitani chimodzimodzi ndi malo osungira madzi pamwamba ndi pansi, kenako yambitsani yankho la bleach mu fyulutayo. Zimafunika kukonzedwa kwambiri pa chinthu chomwe chimapangidwira kuti anthu azimva kuti ali otetezeka ndi madzi awo.
Ngati mukufuna kukonzekera masoka ndipo mukufuna kuonetsetsa kuti muli ndi madzi oyera panthawi yadzidzidzi, tikukulangizani kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosungira madzi zomwe zili mu Buku lathu Lokonzekera Zadzidzidzi. Ngati mukufuna fyuluta yabwino yamadzi apampopi, tikukulangizani kuti muyang'ane fyuluta yovomerezeka ya NSF/ANSI, monga malangizo athu a Best Water Filter Pitchers ndi Best Under Sink Water Filters.
Zipangizo zambiri zoyeretsera mphamvu yokoka zimagwiritsa ntchito zinthu ziwiri zosiyana kuchotsa zinthu zodetsa m'madzi. Mpweya woyatsidwa umayamwa kapena kumangirira mankhwala achilengedwe, kuphatikizapo mafuta ndi zosungunulira zochokera ku mafuta, mankhwala ambiri ophera tizilombo ndi mankhwala ambiri. Ma resins osinthana ndi ma ion amachotsa zitsulo zambiri zosungunuka m'madzi, ndikuyika zitsulo zolemera zapoizoni (monga lead, mercury ndi cadmium) m'malo mwa zitsulo zolemera zopepuka, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda vuto (monga sodium, gawo lalikulu la mchere wa patebulo).
Kusankha kwathu ma fyuluta a pitcher (ochokera ku Brita) ndi ma fyuluta otsikira pansi (ochokera ku 3M Filtrete) apangidwa motere. New Millennium Concepts siifotokoza zomwe fyuluta ya Black Berkey imapangidwira, koma ogulitsa angapo amalankhula za kapangidwe kake, kuphatikizapo TheBerkey.com: "Chinthu chathu chosefera cha Black Berkey chimapangidwa kuchokera ku kusakaniza kwapadera kwa mitundu yoposa isanu ndi umodzi yosiyanasiyana. Fomulayi imakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kaboni wapamwamba kwambiri wa kokonati, yonse yoyikidwa mu matrix yaying'ono kwambiri yokhala ndi ma pores mamiliyoni ambiri a microscopic." Tikadula ma fyuluta awiri a Black Berkey, adapangidwa ndi ma ayoni ophatikizidwa okhala ndi ma block a carbon osinthika omwe amasinthanitsa utomoni. Jamie Young akutsimikizira izi.
Tim Heffernan ndi wolemba wamkulu wodziwa bwino za ubwino wa mpweya ndi madzi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu zapakhomo. Kale anali wolemba nkhani ku The Atlantic, Popular Mechanics ndi magazini ena adziko lonse, ndipo adalowa nawo Wirecutter mu 2015. Ali ndi njinga zitatu ndipo alibe magiya.
Zipangizo zoyeretsera madzi, mitsuko ndi zotulutsira madzi izi zili ndi ziphaso zochotsera zinthu zodetsa ndikukweza ubwino wa madzi akumwa m'nyumba mwanu.
Titayesa akasupe 13 amadzi a ziweto (ndikusintha imodzi kukhala chidole chotafuna), tinapeza kuti Kasupe wa Maluwa a Mphaka ndi wabwino kwambiri kwa amphaka ambiri (ndi agalu ena).
Wirecutter ndi ntchito yopereka malingaliro pazinthu ya The New York Times. Atolankhani athu amaphatikiza kafukufuku wodziyimira pawokha ndi (nthawi zina) mayeso olimba kuti akuthandizeni kupanga chisankho chogula mwachangu komanso molimba mtima. Kaya mukufuna zinthu zabwino kapena mukufuna upangiri wothandiza, tidzakuthandizani kupeza mayankho oyenera (nthawi yoyamba).