Titha kupeza ndalama kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zaperekedwa patsambali ndikuchita nawo mapulogalamu ogwirizana. Dziwani zambiri >
Zopangira madzi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupeza madzi ozizira komanso otsitsimula okwanira. Chipangizo chosavuta ichi ndi choyenera ku maofesi, khitchini, ntchito zapagulu - kulikonse komwe zakumwa zamadzimadzi zimapezeka pakufunika.
Timadziwerengera ife eni m’gulu la anthu amene amakonda kapu aukhondo amadzi ozizira, kotero posachedwapa tinayesa ena mwa makina ogulitsira madzi ogulitsidwa kwambiri kuti awone ngati ali oyenerera. Pambuyo pa magalasi ambiri amadzi ndi milungu yoyesa, timakonda Brio CLBL520SC bwino chifukwa ndi yabata, yodziyeretsa, komanso yabwino. Komabe, tidafufuza zoziziritsa kukhosi zamadzi zopitilira khumi ndi ziwiri tisanalembe mndandanda wazosankha zathu zapamwamba, pomwe tidasankha zinayi zomwe tidaziyesa ndi zina zisanu zomwe tidaganiza kuti ndizabwino kwambiri. Onani njira zabwino zoperekera madzi pansipa ndikugwiritsa ntchito malangizo athu ogula kuti akuthandizeni kusankha yoyenera.
Makina opangira madzi ndi chida chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito kunyumba kapena muofesi, choyenera kugawira kapu yamadzi oundana kapena kapu ya tiyi wotentha pakufunika. Chosankha chathu chapamwamba ndichosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndipo chimapereka mwayi wopeza madzi ozizira kapena otentha nthawi yomweyo.
Makina opangira madzi a Brio amakhala ndi mapangidwe otsitsa pansi okhala ndi chodzitchinjiriza, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kunyumba ndi kuntchito. Amapereka kuzizira, kutentha kwa chipinda ndi madzi otentha. Titalandira chipangizochi, nthawi yomweyo tinayamba kukonda kwambiri maonekedwe ake. Kapangidwe kake kamakono kachitsulo kosapanga dzimbiri kumaphatikizana mosavuta ndi zida zapakhitchini zazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, koma sizimangokhudza mawonekedwe. Brio ali ndi zambiri.
Chotenthetsera chamadzi chimakhala ndi loko kuti ana asatenthedwe mwangozi ndi madzi otentha. Chitsanzochi sichifuna kukonzanso zambiri kupatulapo kuchotsa botolo lamadzi pamene mulibe. Zomwe tidayenera kuchita ndikusangalala ndi madzi ozizira omwe Brio amatipatsa - mpaka atatha.
Ngakhale botolo lamadzi limabisidwa m'chipinda chapansi pa chozizira, chowonetsera cha digito chikuwonetsa kuti chilibe kanthu ndipo chiyenera kusinthidwa. Ngakhale kukula kwake kwakukulu (firiji imakhala ndi mabotolo a galoni 3 kapena 5), ​​tinawapeza mosavuta kuwasintha.
Kuwonjezera zida kukhitchini kumawonjezera mtengo wamagetsi, ndichifukwa chake timakonda kuti Brio ndi Energy Star yovomerezeka. Kuti mupulumutse mphamvu, pali masiwichi osiyana pagawo lakumbuyo kuti muwongolere madzi otentha, madzi ozizira ndi ntchito zowunikira usiku. Kuti musunge mphamvu, ingozimitsani zomwe simugwiritsa ntchito. Kumakhalanso chete, kotero sikusokoneza ntchito zapakhomo kapena zamalonda.
Zomwe oyesa athu akunena: "Ndikuganiza kuti choperekera madzi ichi ndichabwino kwambiri. Madzi otentha ndi abwino kupanga tiyi, ndipo madzi ozizira ndi otsitsimula kwambiri - zomwe ndimayamikira kwambiri kuno ku Florida. " - Paul Rankin, Wolemba Ndemanga Zazakudya. woyesa
The Avalon Tri Temperature Water Cooler imakhala ndi choyatsa / chozimitsa pakusintha kutentha kulikonse kuti musunge mphamvu makinawo akapanda kutentha kapena madzi ozizira. Komabe, ngakhale ali ndi mphamvu zonse, gawoli ndi lovomerezeka la Energy Star. Madzi operekera madzi amapereka madzi ozizira, ozizira ndi otentha, ndipo batani la madzi otentha liri ndi loko ya mwana. Pamene chidebe chili pafupifupi chopanda kanthu, chizindikiro cha botolo chopanda kanthu chimayatsa. Ilinso ndi kuwala kwausiku komwe kumapangidwira, komwe kumakhala kothandiza mukamamwa madzi pakati pausiku.
Thireyi yochotsamo imapangitsa kuti firiji iyi ikhale yosavuta kukhala yaukhondo, ngakhale tidazindikira kuti imakonda kutayika. Koma ichi ndiye choyipa chokha chomwe tapeza ndi chozizira ichi. Mapangidwe osavuta otsitsa pansi amapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kukweza mitsuko yamadzi ya magaloni 3 kapena 5, komwe ndi njira yokhayo yomwe mungafune pa choperekera madzi ichi. Ikalumikizidwa, Avalon imatha kutentha madzi mpaka kutentha kwa tiyi m'mphindi 5 zokha. Pazonse, ichi ndi choperekera madzi chabwino pamtengo wotsika mtengo.
Zomwe oyesa athu amanena: "Ndili ndi ana atatu, kotero ndikuyamikira chitetezo chowonjezera chomwe chimaperekedwa ndi valavu yotetezera madzi otentha, ndipo kuwala kwa usiku kumakhala kokwanira kumwa mumdima," Kara Illig, wolemba mankhwala ndi woyesa.
Chozizira chamadzi ichi chochokera ku Primo chimakhala bwino pakati pa mtengo wokwanira ndi zinthu zoyambira. Timakonda kwambiri kapangidwe ka spout kamodzi, kotero simungayikire mwangozi kapu kapena botolo lamadzi pansi pa choperekera. Chozizira chapamwambachi chilinso ndi zina zomwe sizipezeka m'madzi ozizira pamitengo iyi.
Ili ndi mawonekedwe osavuta otsitsa pansi (kotero pafupifupi aliyense atha kuyiyika) ndipo imapereka madzi otentha oziziritsa, kutentha kwachipinda. Chosungira chamkati chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimathandiza kupewa kukula kwa bakiteriya ndi fungo losasangalatsa. Palinso zinthu zoteteza ana, nyali yausiku ya LED, ndi makina otsuka otsuka mbale otetezedwa. Makasitomala adzalandira botolo lamadzi la galoni la 5 laulere komanso kuponi yaulere, yomwe mungapeze m'masitolo ambiri omwe amagulitsa mabotolo amadzi a Primo.
Ngakhale kuti inkagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, tinaona kuti inkachita phokoso kwambiri ikafunika kutentha kapena kuziziritsa madzi ambiri. Sitimalimbikitsa kuyika chitsanzochi pafupi ndi zipinda zomwe zimayenera kukhala chete. Komabe, Primo iyi ndi yamtengo wapatali komanso yopangidwa bwino.
Kuti muyike choziziritsa kumadzi cha Avalon ichi, chomwe mungafune ndi chingwe chamadzi chomwe chilipo cholowera pamadzi ndi wrench kuti mutsegule chingwe chamadzi. Popeza imapereka madzi osasefedwa opanda malire, ndi njira yabwino yanyumba kapena ofesi kwa iwo omwe akufuna choperekera madzi opanda botolo ndi njira zosavuta zoyika.
Madzi operekera madziwa amatulutsa madzi ozizira, otentha komanso achipinda, kuwasefa kudzera munjira ziwiri zosefera. Zosefera zimakhala ndi zosefera zinyalala ndi zosefera za carbon block zomwe zimachotsa zowononga monga lead, particulate matter, chlorine, ndi fungo losasangalatsa komanso zokonda.
Chifukwa choperekera madzi ichi chimayikidwa pansi pa sinki, kukhazikitsa kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kuposa zosankha zina pamndandanda wathu. Sizovuta kwambiri, koma zidatenga pafupifupi mphindi 30. Atangoikidwa, tinkakonda kusafuna kusintha mabotolo amadzi akuluakulu (ndi olemera) komanso kuti tinali ndi madzi otentha, ozizira, kapena ozizira nthawi zonse. Amasefedwa, kotero kuti angathandizenso kuwongolera madzi a m’nyumba mwanu; ngati ili yosauka, mumangofunika kugula ina nthawi ndi nthawi;
Zosintha zosinthika za kutentha zimayika Brio Moderna Pansi Pansi Yotulutsira Madzi kupatula zosankha zina pamndandandawu. Ndi choperekera madzi chapansi chokwezera ichi, mutha kusankha pakati pa kutentha kwa madzi ozizira ndi otentha. Kutentha kumayambira pa kuzizira kwa madigiri 39 Fahrenheit kufika pa madigiri 194 Fahrenheit, ndipo madzi ozizira kapena otentha amapezeka ngati akufunikira.
Kwa madzi otentha oterowo, choperekera madzi chimakhala ndi loko yamwana pamphuno yamadzi otentha. Monga zoperekera madzi ambiri, zimakwanira mabotolo atatu kapena 5 galoni. Chidziwitso chodziwitsa botolo lamadzi otsika chimakudziwitsani mukakhala kuti mulibe madzi kuti musathe madzi abwino.
Kuti chipindacho chikhale choyera, choziziritsa chamadzi ichi chimabwera ndi chodzitchinjiriza cha ozoni chomwe chimayeretsa thanki ndi mapaipi. Kuphatikiza pazinthu zonse zosavuta, chipangizo chotsimikizika cha Energy Star ichi chimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kuti chikhale cholimba komanso chowoneka bwino.
Kwa malo omwe ali ndi malo ochepa, ganizirani choperekera madzi chapamwamba chapamwamba. Brio Tabletop Water Dispenser ndi chisankho chabwino kuzipinda zazing'ono zopumira, ma dorms, ndi maofesi. Kungoyeza mainchesi 20.5 m'litali, mainchesi 12 m'lifupi, ndi mainchesi 15.5 kuya kwake, kaphazi kake ndi kakang'ono kokwanira m'malo ambiri.
Ngakhale kuti ndi yaying'ono, choperekera madzi ichi sichifupikitsa pazinthu. Ikhoza kupereka madzi ozizira, otentha ndi kutentha kwa chipinda pakufunika. Chopangidwa kuti chigwirizane ndi makapu ambiri, makapu, ndi mabotolo amadzi, chopangira makinawa chili ndi malo akuluakulu operekera zinthu monga mafiriji ambiri. Thireyi yochotseka imapangitsa chipangizocho kukhala chosavuta kuyeretsa, ndipo loko ya mwana imalepheretsa ana kusewera ndi nozzle yamadzi otentha.
Makolo amphaka ndi agalu adzakonda Primo Top Loading Water Dispenser yokhala ndi Pet Station. Zimabwera ndi mbale yopangidwa ndi pet (yomwe imatha kuikidwa kutsogolo kapena kumbali ya dispenser) yomwe imatha kudzazidwa ndi kukhudza kwa batani. Kwa iwo omwe alibe ziweto m'nyumba (koma nthawi zina amakhala ndi alendo aubweya), mbale zotsuka zotsuka zotsuka zotsuka zimatha kuchotsedwa.
Kupatula kutumikira ngati mbale yaziweto, choperekera madzichi ndichosavuta kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito. Amapereka madzi ozizira kapena otentha pa kukhudza kwa batani (ndi loko yotetezera ana pamadzi otentha). Thireyi yochotseka, yotsuka mbale yotetezedwa imapangitsa kuti ikhale yosavuta kuyeretsa, koma kutayikira kukuyembekezeka kukhala kochepa komanso kotalikirapo chifukwa cha chosungira botolo ndi kuwala kwa LED usiku.
Ndi choperekera madzi ichi kuchokera ku Primo, mutha kupeza madzi ozizira, madzi otentha ndi khofi wotentha pakukhudza batani. Choyimilira chake ndi chopanga khofi chamtundu umodzi chomwe chimamangidwa mwachindunji mufiriji.
Choperekera madzi otentha ndi ozizirachi chimakupatsani mwayi woti muphike ma K-Cups ndi mapoto ena a khofi omwe amamwa kamodzi kokha komanso malo a khofi pogwiritsa ntchito fyuluta ya khofi yomwe imaphatikizidwanso. Mutha kusankha pakati pa 6, 8 ndi 10 ounce zakumwa zakumwa. Ali pakati pa ma spouts amadzi otentha ndi ozizira, wopanga khofi uyu angawoneke wosadzikuza, koma ndi chisankho chabwino kwa okonda khofi kunyumba kapena muofesi. Monga bonasi, chipangizochi chili ndi chipinda chosungiramo chomwe chingathe kukhala ndi makapisozi a khofi a 20 amodzi.
Monga ena ambiri operekera madzi a Primo, hTRIO imakhala ndi mabotolo amadzi atatu kapena 5. Imakhala ndi kuthamanga kwambiri pakudzaza mwachangu ma ketulo ndi mitsuko, kuwala kwa usiku wa LED komanso, ntchito yamadzi otentha yotetezedwa ndi ana.
Palibe chifukwa chonyamula kasupe wamadzi onse, kotero pomanga msasa ndi zochitika zina kutali ndi nyumba, ganizirani pampu ya ketulo yonyamula. Pampu ya botolo la madzi la Myvision imamangiriza pamwamba pa chidebe chimodzi cha galoni. Itha kukhala ndi mabotolo a galoni 1 mpaka 5 bola khosi la botolo ndi mainchesi 2.16 (kukula kwake).
Pampu ya botolo iyi ndiyosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Ingoyiyikani pamwamba pa botolo la galoni, dinani batani lapamwamba, ndipo mpopeyo idzatunga madzi ndikugawa kudzera mumphuno. Pampuyo imatha kuchajwanso ndipo imakhala ndi moyo wa batri wautali wokwanira kupopa mpaka mitsuko isanu ndi umodzi ya magaloni asanu. Mukuyenda, ingolipiritsani mpope pogwiritsa ntchito chingwe cha USB.
Tayang'ana kwambiri pakusaka kwathu zoperekera madzi zabwino kwambiri pazinthu zomwe zalandira kale ndemanga zabwino kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito. Tidachepetsanso kusaka kwathu kuzinthu zomwe zimapereka kuphatikiza komwe timafunikira monga kutentha kwamadzi, kuthira kosavuta, mawonekedwe aukhondo, madzi otentha ndi zina zambiri. Nthawi zambiri, timakonda zoperekera madzi pansi chifukwa ndizosavuta kuziyika komanso zowoneka bwino.
Titatchula mwachidule zoziziritsa kukhosi zisanu ndi zinayi, tidasankha zinayi kuti tiyese kutengera kukopa kwawo kwakukulu malinga ndi mphamvu, mawonekedwe, ndi mtengo. Kenako timayika choperekera madzi chilichonse ndikugwiritsa ntchito zonse zomwe zilipo kwa masiku angapo. Pamapeto pa nthawi yoyesera, tidavotera choperekera madzi chilichonse kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito mosavuta, kutentha kwa madzi, kuchuluka kwa phokoso, komanso mtengo wake wonse.
Palinso zinthu zina zomwe muyenera kuziganizira posankha choperekera madzi. Zopangira madzi zabwino kwambiri zimakhala ndi zinthu zina zodziwika bwino: ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, zosavuta kuyeretsa, komanso zimapatsa madzi pa kutentha koyenera, kotentha komanso kozizira. Zozizira bwino kwambiri zamadzi ziyeneranso kuwoneka bwino komanso zazikulu kuti zigwirizane ndi malo omwe akufuna - kaya ndi choperekera madzi kunyumba kapena choperekera madzi muofesi. Nazi zina zomwe muyenera kuziganizira posankha chinthu chomwe chikugwirizana ndi zosowa zanu.
Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya zoziziritsira madzi: zoziziritsa kukhosi komanso zoziziritsira mabotolo. Malo opangira madzi ogwiritsira ntchito amalumikizana mwachindunji ndi madzi a m'nyumba ndikupereka madzi apampopi, omwe nthawi zambiri amasefedwa ndi chiller. Zozizira zamadzi za m'mabotolo zimatulutsidwa kuchokera mu botolo lamadzi lalikulu, lomwe limatha kukhala pamwamba kapena pansi.
Zozizira zamadzi pamalo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito zimalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi madzi amzindawu. Amatulutsa madzi apampopi choncho safuna botolo lamadzi, chifukwa chake nthawi zina amatchedwa "opanda botolo" operekera madzi.
Malo ambiri opangira madzi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito madzi amakhala ndi njira zosefera zomwe zimatha kuchotsa zinthu kapena kukonza kukoma kwamadzi. Ubwino waukulu wa mtundu uwu wa madzi ozizira ndi kuti umapereka madzi osalekeza (kuletsa mavuto ndi chitoliro chachikulu cha madzi, ndithudi). Zozizirazi zimatha kukhala zomangidwa pakhoma kapena zoyima mwaulere pamalo oyima.
Malo opangira madzi opangira madzi ayenera kulumikizidwa ndi malo opangira madzi a nyumbayi. Zina zimafunanso kukhazikitsa akatswiri, zomwe zimawononga ndalama zowonjezera. Ngakhale kuti zingakhale zodula kugula ndi kuziyika, zoperekera madzi opanda mabotolo zimasunga ndalama m'kupita kwanthawi chifukwa safuna madzi a m'mabotolo nthawi zonse. Amakondanso kukhala otsika mtengo kwambiri kuposa makina osefera amadzi a m'nyumba yonse. Ubwino wa choperekera madzi ndi mwayi wake waukulu: ogwiritsa ntchito amapeza madzi nthawi zonse popanda kunyamula ndikusintha mabotolo olemera amadzi.
Zosungira madzi zomwe zili pansi zimalandira madzi kuchokera m'mabotolo amadzi. Botolo lamadzi limayikidwa mu chipinda chophimbidwa mu theka la pansi la firiji. Kuyika pansi kumapangitsa kuthira kukhala kosavuta. M'malo monyamula ndi kutembenuza botolo lolemera (monga momwe zilili ndi firiji yodzaza pamwamba), ingogwedezani botolo mu chipinda ndikuchigwirizanitsa ndi mpope.
Chifukwa zoziziritsira pansi zimagwiritsa ntchito madzi a m'mabotolo, zimatha kupereka madzi amtundu wina, monga madzi amchere, madzi osungunuka, ndi madzi a m'masika, kuwonjezera pa madzi apampopi. Ubwino wina wa zoperekera madzi zodzaza pansi ndikuti zimasangalatsa kwambiri kuposa zoziziritsa kumtunda chifukwa tanki yodzaza pulasitiki imabisika pansi kuti isawonekere. Pazifukwa zomwezo, ganizirani kugwiritsa ntchito choperekera madzi pansi ndi chizindikiro cha mlingo wa madzi, zomwe zingapangitse kuti zikhale zosavuta kuyang'ana nthawi yoti musinthe botolo lanu lamadzi ndi latsopano.
Zozizira zam'madzi zodzaza pamwamba ndizosankha zotchuka chifukwa ndizotsika mtengo kwambiri. Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, botolo lamadzi limalowa pamwamba pa chopondera chamadzi. Popeza madzi ozizira amachokera ku ketulo, amathanso kupereka madzi osungunuka, mchere ndi masika.
Choyipa chachikulu cha operekera madzi odzaza kwambiri ndikutsitsa ndikutsitsa mabotolo amadzi, zomwe zitha kukhala zovuta kwa anthu ena. Ngakhale kuti ena sangakonde kuyang'ana tanki lamadzi lotseguka la chopopera chotsitsa pamwamba, kuchuluka kwa madzi mu thanki kumakhala kosavuta kuwongolera.
Zopangira madzi pa Tabletop ndi mitundu yaying'ono ya zoperekera madzi wamba zomwe ndizocheperako zokwanira pakompyuta yanu. Monga zoperekera madzi wamba, zida zam'mwamba zimatha kukhala zitsanzo zakugwiritsa ntchito kapena kutunga madzi m'botolo.
Mapiritsi amadzi a pa Tabletop ndi onyamula komanso abwino kwa ma counter counter, zipinda zopuma, zipinda zodikirira ofesi ndi madera ena omwe malo ndi ochepa. Komabe, amatenga malo ambiri owerengera, omwe angakhale ovuta m'zipinda zokhala ndi malo ochepa a desiki.
Palibe malire amagetsi opangira madzi oziziritsira malo - zoziziritsirazi zimapereka madzi bola akuyenda. Kuthekera ndi chinthu choyenera kuganizira posankha chozizira chamadzi cham'mabotolo. Mafiriji ambiri amavomereza mitsuko yomwe imakhala pakati pa 2 ndi 5 malita a madzi (kukula kwakukulu ndi mabotolo 3 ndi 5 galoni).
Posankha chidebe choyenera, ganizirani kuchuluka kwa madzi ozizira omwe adzagwiritsidwe ntchito. Ngati chozizira chanu chidzagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi, gulani chozizirira chachikulu kuti chisatha msanga. Ngati chozizira chanu sichidzagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi, sankhani choperekera madzi chaching'ono. Ndi bwino kuti musasiye madzi kwa nthawi yaitali, chifukwa madzi osasunthika amatha kukhala malo oberekera mabakiteriya. (Ngati simugwiritsa ntchito madzi okwanira kuti mudzaze choperekera madzi, makina amadzi osungunuka angakhale abwinoko.)
Mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi choperekera madzi zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi chitsanzo. Zoziziritsira madzi zokhala ndi mphamvu zoziziritsa pozifuna kapena zotenthetsera nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa poyerekeza ndi zoziziritsira madzi zomwe zimakhala ndi matanki osungira madzi otentha ndi ozizira. Zozizira zomwe zimakhala ndi madzi osungira nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri zosungirako kutentha kwa madzi mu thanki.
Matanki amadzi ovomerezeka a Energy Star ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira mphamvu. Pa avareji, zoziziritsa kumadzi zovomerezeka za Energy Star zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepera 30% kuposa zoziziritsira madzi zomwe zilibe certification, zimapulumutsa mphamvu ndikutsitsa mabilu anu amagetsi pakapita nthawi.
Makina operekera madzi okhala ndi fyuluta amachotsa zowononga ndikuwongolera kukoma kwamadzi. Kutengera fyulutayo, amatha kuchotsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi zonyansa monga dothi, zitsulo zolemera, mankhwala, mabakiteriya ndi zina zambiri. Zozizira zimatha kusefa madzi kudzera mukusinthana kwa ion, reverse osmosis, kapena zosefera za kaboni. Musaiwale kuti zosefera zamadzi izi zimafunikira kusinthidwa pafupipafupi, zomwe ndi ndalama zina zomwe muyenera kuziganizira posankha choziziritsira madzi.
Kusefera kwamadzi ndi ntchito yodziwika bwino ya zosefera pamalo pomwe zoziziritsa kukhosi zimagawira madzi apampopi amzindawu. Kwa zoziziritsa kumadzi za m'mabotolo, kusefera sikofunikira chifukwa mabotolo ambiri amadzi amakhala ndi madzi osefa. (Ngati simukutsimikiza za ubwino wa madzi apampopi a pakhomo panu, zida zoyesera madzi zingakuthandizeni kudziwa yankho.)
Zozizira zambiri, kaya zoziziritsira mabotolo kapena zoziziritsa kukhosi, zimatha kupereka madzi ozizira. Zipangizo zina zimatha kuperekanso madzi ozizira, otentha m'chipinda komanso/kapena madzi otentha apapo pa kukhudza batani. Ambiri opanga firiji amatchula kutentha kwakukulu kwa zinthu zawo, pamene ena akhoza kukhala ndi makonda osinthika.