Posankha chotsukira madzi pansi pa sink, pali magawo angapo oti muganizire:

1. **Mtundu Woyeretsa Madzi:**
- Pali mitundu ingapo yomwe ilipo kuphatikiza Microfiltration (MF), Ultrafiltration (UF), Nanofiltration (NF), ndi Reverse Osmosis (RO). Posankha, ganizirani zaukadaulo wosefera, kuchita bwino kwa zosefera, kumasuka kwakusintha katiriji, moyo wautali, komanso mtengo wosinthira.

2. **Kusefera pang'ono (MF):**
- Kusefedwa kolondola nthawi zambiri kumachokera ku 0.1 mpaka 50 microns. Mitundu yodziwika bwino imaphatikizapo makatiriji osefera a PP, makatiriji osefera kaboni, ndi makatiriji a sefa a ceramic. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kusefera kolimba, kuchotsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono monga dothi ndi dzimbiri.

- Zoyipa zimaphatikizapo kulephera kuchotsa zinthu zovulaza monga mabakiteriya, kulephera kuyeretsa makatiriji osefera (nthawi zambiri amatayidwa), komanso kusinthidwa pafupipafupi kumafunika.

3. **Kusefukira Kwambiri (UF):**
- Kusefedwa kolondola kumayambira 0.001 mpaka 0.1 ma microns. Amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wolekanitsa wa membrane kuchotsa dzimbiri, matope, ma colloid, mabakiteriya, ndi mamolekyu akulu akulu.

- Ubwino wake umaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa kubweza madzi, kuyeretsa kosavuta ndi kuchapa m'mbuyo, moyo wautali, komanso kutsika mtengo.

4. **Nanofiltration (NF):**
- Kusefera kolondola kuli pakati pa UF ndi RO. Pamafunika magetsi ndi kukakamiza kwa membrane kulekanitsa ukadaulo. Imatha kuchotsa ayoni a calcium ndi magnesium koma sangachotseretu ma ayoni owopsa.

- Zoyipa zimaphatikizapo kuchepa kwa madzi obwezeretsa komanso kulephera kusefa zinthu zina zovulaza.

5. **Reverse Osmosis (RO):**
- Kusefera kwapamwamba kwambiri pafupifupi ma microns 0.0001. Imatha kusefa pafupifupi zonyansa zonse kuphatikiza mabakiteriya, ma virus, heavy metal, ndi maantibayotiki.

- Ubwino umaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa mchere, mphamvu zamakina, kutalika kwa moyo, komanso kulolerana ndi kukhudzidwa kwamankhwala ndi zachilengedwe.

Pankhani ya kusefera, kusanja kumakhala Microfiltration> Ultrafiltration> Nanofiltration> Reverse Osmosis. Onse a Ultrafiltration ndi Reverse Osmosis ndi zosankha zoyenera malinga ndi zomwe amakonda. Ultrafiltration ndiyosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo koma singathe kudyedwa mwachindunji. Reverse Osmosis ndiyosavuta pa zosowa zamadzi apamwamba, monga kupanga tiyi kapena khofi, koma zingafunike njira zowonjezera kuti mumwe. Ndibwino kuti musankhe malinga ndi zomwe mukufuna komanso zomwe mumakonda.