Posankha chotsukira madzi chomwe chili pansi pa sinki, pali zinthu zingapo zofunika kuziganizira:

1. **Mtundu wa Chotsukira Madzi:**
– Pali mitundu ingapo yomwe ilipo kuphatikizapo Microfiltration (MF), Ultrafiltration (UF), Nanofiltration (NF), ndi Reverse Osmosis (RO). Mukasankha, ganizirani ukadaulo wosefera, mphamvu ya zosefera, kusavuta kusintha makatiriji, nthawi yokhalitsa, ndi mtengo wosinthira.

2. **Kusefa pang'ono (MF):**
- Kulondola kwa kusefera nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa ma microns 0.1 mpaka 50. Mitundu yodziwika bwino imaphatikizapo makatiriji a PP filter, makatiriji a carbon filter oyambitsidwa, ndi makatiriji a ceramic filter. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusefera kolimba, kuchotsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono monga matope ndi dzimbiri.

– Zoyipa zake ndi monga kulephera kuchotsa zinthu zoopsa monga mabakiteriya, kulephera kuyeretsa makatiriji osefera (nthawi zambiri amatayidwa), komanso kufunikira kusinthidwa pafupipafupi.

3. **Kusefa kwa Ultra (UF):**
- Kulondola kwa kusefa kumasiyana kuyambira ma microns 0.001 mpaka 0.1. Imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wolekanitsa membrane kuti ichotse dzimbiri, matope, ma colloid, mabakiteriya, ndi mamolekyu akuluakulu achilengedwe.

- Ubwino wake ndi monga kuchira madzi ambiri, kuyeretsa kosavuta komanso kutsuka m'mbuyo, kukhala ndi moyo wautali, komanso mtengo wotsika wogwirira ntchito.

4. **Kusefa kwa Nano (NF):**
- Kulondola kwa kusefa kuli pakati pa UF ndi RO. Kumafuna magetsi ndi kupanikizika kuti ukadaulo wolekanitsa nembanemba ukhale wosiyana. Kungachotse ma ayoni a calcium ndi magnesium koma sikungachotseretu ma ayoni ena owopsa.

– Zoyipa zake ndi monga kuchepa kwa madzi komanso kulephera kusefa zinthu zina zoopsa.

5. **Reverse Osmosis (RO):**
- Kusefa kolondola kwambiri kwa pafupifupi ma microns 0.0001. Kungathe kusefa pafupifupi zonyansa zonse kuphatikizapo mabakiteriya, mavairasi, zitsulo zolemera, ndi maantibayotiki.

- Ubwino wake ndi monga kuchuluka kwa madzi otuluka m'madzi, mphamvu ya makina ambiri, moyo wautali, komanso kupirira mphamvu za mankhwala ndi zamoyo.

Ponena za kuthekera kosefera, nthawi zambiri mumakhala Microfiltration > Ultrafiltration > Nanofiltration > Reverse Osmosis. Ultrafiltration ndi Reverse Osmosis zonse ndi zosankha zoyenera kutengera zomwe mumakonda. Ultrafiltration ndi yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo koma singathe kudyedwa mwachindunji. Reverse Osmosis ndi yabwino pa zosowa zapamwamba zamadzi, monga popanga tiyi kapena khofi, koma ingafunike njira zina zowonjezera kuti mugwiritse ntchito. Ndikofunikira kusankha malinga ndi zomwe mukufuna komanso zomwe mumakonda.