Moni anthu oyenda pansi padziko lonse lapansi, oyenda m'mapiri, ndi okonda zosangalatsa! Kodi munayamba mwayang'anapo pompo yokayikitsa m'nyumba yogona anthu yakutali, munazengereza musanamwe madzi oyera a m'mapiri, kapena munadabwa ndi mtengo (ndi zinyalala za pulasitiki) za madzi a m'mabotolo kunja? Madzi akumwa otetezeka ndi oyera ndiye maziko a ulendo uliwonse wabwino - koma nthawi zonse sizitsimikizika. Lowani ngwazi yosayamikirika ya anthu okonda zosangalatsa: Filter ya Madzi Oyenda. Iwalani mitsuko yayikulu kapena kudalira mwayi; ukadaulo wocheperako komanso wamphamvu wosefera ukhoza kukhala pasipoti yanu kuti mukhale ndi ufulu wothira madzi kulikonse padziko lapansi. Tiyeni tilowemo!

N’chifukwa Chiyani Muyenera Kuvutikira Kusefa Mukuyenda? Sikuti Ndi “Kubwezera kwa Montezuma” Kokha!

Ngakhale madzi oyera akhoza kukhala ndi ziwopsezo zosaoneka:

Mabakiteriya (monga E. coli, Salmonella): Zomwe zimayambitsa kutsegula m'mimba kwa apaulendo.

Mapuloteni ndi Ziphuphu (monga Giardia, Cryptosporidium): Tizilombo tolimba, tosakhudzidwa ndi chlorine timayambitsa mavuto aakulu m'mimba. Giardia ("Beaver Fever") imadziwika kwambiri m'madera achipululu.

Mavairasi (monga Hepatitis A, Norovirus, Rotavirus): Amapezeka makamaka m'madera omwe alibe ukhondo wabwino. Zosefera zambiri sizichotsa mavairasi.

Dothi ndi Zinyalala: Zimapangitsa madzi kusakoma ndipo zimatha kutseka zosefera zazing'ono zomwe zili pansi pa madzi.

Mankhwala ndi Zokonda Zoipa (Zochepa): Zosefera zina zapamwamba zimachepetsa chlorine, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kapena kukoma kwachitsulo komwe kumapezeka m'masitolo a m'matauni akunja.

Ma Microplastics: Nkhawa yomwe ikubuka m'magwero a madzi padziko lonse lapansi.

Chosefera Chanu Choyendera Arsenal: Kusankha Chida Choyenera Paulendo

Palibe fyuluta imodzi yomwe ili yoyenera pazochitika zonse. Nayi kusanthula kwa mitundu yayikulu ya fyuluta yoyendera:

Masamba a Sefa ya Madzi: Kusavuta Kumwa

Momwe Zimagwirira Ntchito: Kumwa madzi mwachindunji kudzera mu udzu, womwe uli ndi chinthu chosefera (nthawi zambiri nembanemba ya ulusi yopanda kanthu).

Ubwino: Yopepuka kwambiri, yaying'ono kwambiri, yosavuta, yotsika mtengo. Yabwino kwambiri pa mabakiteriya/ma protozoa. Chithandizo chabwino kwambiri chadzidzidzi.

Zoyipa: Zimasefa zokha mukamwa (sizingathe kudzaza mabotolo mosavuta), kuchuluka kochepa pa "kunyamuka," palibe kuchotsa kachilomboka, pakamwa pamatopa! Nthawi zambiri 0.1-0.2 micron yokha.

Zabwino Kwambiri: Kuyenda maulendo a tsiku limodzi, zida zadzidzidzi, okwera matumba opepuka kwambiri, zikondwerero. Ganizirani: kumwa madzi nthawi yomweyo.

Mfundo Zazikulu: Yang'anani kukula kwa pores ya 0.1 micron kuti muthe kuchotsa protozoa/mabakiteriya modalirika. NSF 53 kapena miyezo ya EPA ndi yabwino kwambiri.

Zosefera Zofinyira ndi Mabotolo Ofewa: Kusinthasintha Kopepuka

Momwe Imagwirira Ntchito: Dzazani thumba/botolo la madzi lodetsedwa, sungunulani fyuluta, ndikufinya madzi oyera mkamwa mwanu kapena m'botolo lina. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito nembanemba yopanda kanthu.

Ubwino: Wopepuka, wosavuta kulongedza, wofulumira, wabwino kuchotsa mabakiteriya/ma protozoa (nthawi zambiri 0.1 kapena 0.2 micron), amatha kusefa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chogawana/kuphika. N'kosavuta kuposa kuyamwa udzu.

Zoyipa: Kukanikiza kungakhale kotopetsa ngati zinthu zambiri zikuchulukirachulukira, matumba amatha kubowoka mosavuta, pang'onopang'ono kuposa makina opopera/kupanikizika, nthawi zambiri palibe kuchotsedwa kwa ma virus.

Zabwino Kwambiri: Kunyamula katundu m'mbuyo, kuyenda pansi, kuyenda komwe kulemera ndikofunikira kwambiri. Kulemera bwino, magwiridwe antchito, ndi mphamvu. Mitundu yotchuka: Sawyer Squeeze, Katadyn BeFree.

Chofunika Kwambiri: Kuthamanga kwa madzi (malita pa mphindi), kulimba kwa mabotolo ofewa, kutsuka mosavuta (kupukuta madzi!).

Zosefera za Pampu: Ntchito Yogwirira Ntchito ya Magulu ndi Maseŵera a Basecamps

Momwe Imagwirira Ntchito: Ikani payipi yolowera madzi mu gwero la madzi, pompani chogwirira, ndipo madzi oyera atuluke mu payipi yotulutsira madzi kupita mu botolo/chimbudzi chanu. Imagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zadothi, ulusi wopanda kanthu, kapena nthawi zina zinthu za kaboni.

Ubwino: Kuthamanga kwambiri kwa madzi, ndibwino kusefa madzi ambiri mwachangu (magulu, kuphika, madzi a msasa), kuchotsa bwino mabakiteriya/ma protozoa (nthawi zambiri 0.2 micron), kolimba. Mitundu ina imapereka njira yochotsera mavairasi (onani pansipa).

Zoyipa: Njira yolemera kwambiri komanso yokulirapo, imafuna kupopera mwamphamvu (kungakhale kotopetsa!), zida zambiri zosamalira/kunyamula, kukhazikitsa pang'onopang'ono kuposa kufinya/udzu.

Zabwino Kwambiri: Maulendo oyenda m'magulu, zochitika za msasa wa basecamp, maulendo oyendera, zochitika zomwe zimafuna madzi oyera ambiri. Mitundu yotchuka: MSR Guardian, Katadyn Hiker Pro.

Chofunika Chake: Liwiro la pampu (L/min), nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito fyuluta (Malita), kulemera, kusavuta kukonza (ceramic yoyeretsedwa m'munda?).

Zosefera Zamphamvu: Voliyumu Yosavuta ya Msasa

Momwe Imagwirira Ntchito: Pachika thanki "yodetsedwa" yodzaza ndi madzi ochokera ku gwero. Mphamvu yokoka ya madzi imadutsa mu fyuluta (ulusi wopanda kanthu kapena ceramic) kupita mu thanki "yoyera" yomwe ili pansipa. Ikani ndipo muiwale!

Ubwino: Yopanda manja! Yabwino kusefa zinthu zambiri pamene mukuchita ntchito zina za msasa. Yabwino kwambiri kwa magulu. Kuchotsa mabakiteriya/ma protozoa kwabwino. Ntchito yochepa kuposa kupopera.

Zoyipa: Kukhazikitsa kumafuna malo opachikira (mitengo, chimango cha hema), kudzaza pang'onopang'ono koyambirira kuposa kupopera, kukulirapo kuposa makina opondereza, kuzizira kwambiri (zosefera zimatha kusweka). Kuchuluka kwa madzi kumadalira kutsekeka kwa fyuluta ndi kutalika kwake.

Zabwino Kwambiri: Kukagona m'magalimoto, kukagona m'magulu, kuyenda m'nyumba zogona anthu, malo omwe mungathe kukagona kwa kanthawi. Mitundu yotchuka: Platypus GravityWorks, MSR AutoFlow.

Chofunika Kwambiri: Kuchuluka kwa madzi osungiramo madzi, kuchuluka kwa madzi otuluka, kukula kwa ming'alu ya fyuluta.

Zotsukira UV (SteriPEN, ndi zina zotero): Wopha Mavairasi (koma osati fyuluta!)

Momwe Imagwirira Ntchito: Ikani babu la UV-C mu botolo la madzi oyera ndikusakaniza. Mphamvu ya UV imasaka DNA ya mabakiteriya, mavairasi, ndi ma protozoa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zopanda vuto pakangopita mphindi zochepa.

Ubwino: Ndi wopepuka kwambiri komanso wochepa, umapha mavairasi bwino (ubwino waukulu!), umaphanso mabakiteriya/ma protozoa, nthawi yochira mwachangu kwambiri (~masekondi 90), palibe kusintha kwa kukoma.

Zoyipa: Sichimasefa! Chimafuna madzi oyera (matope/zotchinga UV), chimafuna mabatire (kapena USB charging), babu limatha kusweka, siligwira ntchito motsutsana ndi mankhwala/zitsulo zolemera. Sichichotsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono.

Zabwino Kwambiri: Oyenda kumadera omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha kachilombo (monga madera ena a Asia, Africa, South America), kuwonjezera pa fyuluta yotetezera mokwanira, komanso kuchiza madzi oyera a m'matauni akunja.

Malangizo Ofunika: Kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo pa fyuluta yoyambira kuchotsa matope ndi ma protozoa (omwe amatha kuteteza mavairasi), kenako UV imapha china chilichonse. Yang'anani kulembetsa kwa EPA.

Chithandizo cha Mankhwala (Mapiritsi/Madontho): Chosungira Chopepuka Kwambiri

Momwe Imagwirira Ntchito: Onjezani chlorine dioxide (yabwino kwambiri) kapena mapiritsi/madontho a ayodini m'madzi, dikirani mphindi 30 - maola 4. Imapha mabakiteriya, mavairasi, ndi ma protozoa.

Ubwino: Yaing'ono kwambiri, yopepuka kwambiri, yotsika mtengo kwambiri, yodalirika ikagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, yosakhudzidwa ndi kuzizira, masiku abwino otha ntchito. Chosunga chofunikira kwambiri.

Zoyipa: Kudikira nthawi yayitali (makamaka madzi ozizira), kukoma kosasangalatsa (ayodini ndi koipa), sikuthandiza polimbana ndi Cryptosporidium popanda nthawi yayitali yokhudzana ndi mankhwala (Chlorine Dioxide ndi yabwino), sikuchotsa tinthu/mankhwala.

Zabwino Kwambiri: Zida zadzidzidzi, kuyenda kosavuta, kuwonjezera pa fyuluta pamene chiopsezo cha kachilombo chili chachikulu, kutsuka madzi ngati njira zina zalephera.

Kusankha Woyang'anira Madzi Anu Oyenda: Mafunso Ofunika Kwambiri

Mukupita kuti? (Chinsinsi!)

Malo akutali (US/Canada/Europe): Makamaka mabakiteriya/protozoa (Giardia!). Fyuluta yopanda kanthu ya ulusi (Straw, Squeeze, Pump, Gravity) nthawi zambiri imakhala yokwanira (0.1 kapena 0.2 micron).

Mayiko Osatukuka/Malo omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha kachilombo: MUKUFUNA KUTETEZEDWA NDI KACHILOMBO. Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala ochizira (Chlorine Dioxide) kapena UV purifier kuwonjezera pa kapena m'malo mwa fyuluta yoyambira.

Yendani ndi madzi okayikitsa a pampopi: Ganizirani chotsukira chonyamulika chokhala ndi kaboni (monga Brita Go) kuti muwone kukoma/chlorine/matope, kapena chotsukira UV cha mavairasi ngati chiopsezo chili chachikulu.

Kodi Ntchito Yanu Ndi Yotani?

Kuyenda masana/Kuyenda m'mizinda: Udzu, fyuluta yaying'ono ya Squeeze, kapena chotsukira UV.

Kulongedza m'mbuyo: Finyani makina kapena fyuluta ya Pump yaying'ono (kulemera n'kofunika!).

Kukampa msasa/kukonza magalimoto: Fyuluta yokoka kapena fyuluta yayikulu ya Pump.

Maulendo apadziko lonse: Chotsukira UV + fyuluta yaying'ono yofinyira, kapena mankhwala.

Kufunika kwa Volume? Munthu payekha kapena gulu? Kumwa mowa kapena kuphika?

Kulemera ndi Kulongedza? Zofunika kwambiri kwa oyenda m'mbuyo!

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mosavuta & Kusamalira? Kodi mungathe kupukuta ulusi wopanda kanthu? Kusintha mabatire?

Kodi mtengo wake ndi wotani? Udzu ndi wotsika mtengo; mapampu apamwamba/mayunitsi a UV ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri.