Takhala tikuchita kafukufuku wodziyimira pawokha komanso kuyesa zinthu kwa zaka zoposa 120. Ngati mutagula zinthu kudzera mu maulalo athu, tingapeze ndalama. Dziwani zambiri za njira yathu yowunikira.
Ngati mukufuna madzi apampopi kuti mumwe madzi tsiku lililonse, mwina nthawi yoti muyike fyuluta yamadzi kukhitchini yanu ingakhale yokwanira. Fyuluta yamadzi imapangidwira kuyeretsa madzi pochotsa zinthu zodetsa monga chlorine, lead ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndipo kuchuluka kwa madziwo kumasiyana malinga ndi zovuta za fyulutayo. Zingathandizenso kukonza kukoma ndipo, nthawi zina, madziwo kukhala omveka bwino.
Kuti apeze fyuluta yabwino kwambiri yamadzi, akatswiri a Good Housekeeping Institute adayesa ndikuwunika bwino mafyuluta amadzi opitilira 30. Mafyuluta amadzi omwe tikuwunika pano akuphatikizapo mafyuluta amadzi a m'nyumba yonse, mafyuluta amadzi pansi pa sinki, mitsuko ya fyuluta yamadzi, mabotolo a fyuluta yamadzi, ndi mafyuluta amadzi osambira.
Kumapeto kwa bukuli, mutha kuphunzira zambiri za momwe timawerengera zosefera zamadzi mu labu yathu, komanso zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza kugula sefa yabwino kwambiri yamadzi. Mukufuna kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe mumamwa mukakhala paulendo? Onani buku lathu la mabotolo abwino kwambiri amadzi.
Ingotsegulani pompo ndipo mulandire madzi osefedwa kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Njira yosefera pansi pa sinki iyi imachotsa chlorine, zitsulo zolemera, ma cysts, mankhwala ophera udzu, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, mankhwala osungunuka achilengedwe ndi zina zambiri. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kunyumba kwa Dr. Birnur Aral, yemwe kale anali mkulu wa GH Research Institute's Beauty, Health and Sustainability Laboratory.
“Ndimagwiritsa ntchito madzi osefedwa pafupifupi chilichonse kuyambira kuphika mpaka khofi, kotero fyuluta yamadzi yogwiritsidwa ntchito pa kauntala siingagwire ntchito kwa ine,” iye akutero. “Izi zikutanthauza kuti palibe chifukwa chodzazanso mabotolo kapena zidebe zamadzi.” Imathamanga kwambiri koma imafunika kuyikidwa.
Chimodzi mwa zosefera zathu zapamwamba zamadzi, Brita Longlast+ chimachotsa zinthu zodetsa zoposa 30 monga chlorine, zitsulo zolemera, carcinogens, endocrine disruptors, ndi zina zambiri. Timayamikira kusefa kwake mwachangu, komwe kumatenga masekondi 38 okha pa kapu imodzi. Poyerekeza ndi yomwe idalipo kale, imatenga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi m'malo mwa iwiri ndipo siisiya madontho akuda a carbon m'madzi.
Rachel Rothman, yemwe kale anali mkulu wa ukadaulo komanso mkulu wa zaukadaulo wa GH Research Institute, amagwiritsa ntchito chidebe ichi m'banja lake la anthu asanu. Amakonda kukoma kwa madzi komanso mfundo yakuti safunika kusintha fyuluta pafupipafupi. Vuto laling'ono ndilakuti kusamba m'manja ndikofunikira.
Podziwika kuti "shower head of the Internet," Jolie mosakayikira wakhala m'modzi mwa mashower head otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, makamaka chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kokongola. Kuyesa kwathu kwakukulu kwa nyumba kwatsimikizira kuti ikugwirizana ndi zomwe anthu ambiri amakonda. Mosiyana ndi ma shower filter ena omwe tayesa, Jolie Filter Showerhead ili ndi kapangidwe kake kamodzi komwe sikufuna khama lalikulu kuti ikayikidwe. Jacqueline Saguin, yemwe kale anali mkonzi wamkulu wa bizinesi ku GH, anati zinamutengera mphindi 15 kuti ayike.
Tinapeza kuti ili ndi luso labwino kwambiri losefera chlorine. Mafyuluta ake ali ndi KDF-55 ndi calcium sulfate, zomwe kampaniyo imati ndi zabwino kuposa mafyuluta a carbon omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwira zinthu zodetsa m'madzi otentha komanso othamanga kwambiri. Patatha pafupifupi chaka chimodzi akugwiritsa ntchito, Sachin anaona kuti "palibe kukula kwakukulu pafupi ndi ngalande ya bafa," ndikuwonjezera kuti "madziwo amakhala ofewa popanda kutaya mphamvu."
Kumbukirani kuti mutu wa shawa ndi wokwera mtengo, komanso mtengo wosintha fyuluta.
Chitsulo chaching'ono koma champhamvu ichi chagalasi chimalemera mapaundi 6 okha chikadzaza. Ndi chopepuka komanso chosavuta kugwira ndikutsanulira mu mayeso athu. Chimapezekanso mu pulasitiki, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi azikoma bwino komanso azimveka bwino. Dziwani kuti muyenera kudzazanso madzi pafupipafupi chifukwa chimasunga makapu 2.5 okha a madzi apampopi ndipo tapeza kuti chimasefa pang'onopang'ono.
Kuphatikiza apo, pitcher iyi imagwiritsa ntchito mitundu iwiri ya zosefera: fyuluta ya micro membrane ndi fyuluta ya carbon yoyambitsidwa ndi ion exchanger. Kuwunika kwathu deta yoyesera ya labu yachitatu kumatsimikizira kuti imachotsa zodetsa zoposa 30, kuphatikizapo chlorine, microplastics, sediment, heavy metals, volatile organic compounds, endocrine disruptors, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, E. coli, ndi cysts.
Brita ndi kampani yomwe imachita bwino nthawi zonse mu mayeso athu a labu. Woyesa wina anati amakonda botolo loyendera ili chifukwa amatha kulidzaza kulikonse ndipo amadziwa kuti madzi awo amakoma bwino. Botololi limabwera mu chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kapena pulasitiki—oyesa adapeza kuti botolo lachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri lokhala ndi makoma awiri limasunga madzi ozizira komanso atsopano tsiku lonse.
Imapezekanso mu kukula kwa ma ounces 26 (imagwira ntchito m'zikho zambiri) kapena kukula kwa ma ounces 36 (zomwe zimathandiza ngati mukuyenda mtunda wautali kapena simungathe kudzaza madzi nthawi zonse). Chingwe chonyamulira chomwe chili mkati mwake chimapangitsanso kuti chikhale chosavuta kunyamula. Ogwiritsa ntchito ena aona kuti kapangidwe ka udzu kumapangitsa kuti kumwa kukhale kovuta.
Brita Hub yapambana mphoto ya GH Kitchenware atasangalatsa oweruza athu ndi chotsukira madzi chomwe chimatsukira madzi pamanja kapena paokha. Wopangayo akuti fyulutayo ikhoza kusinthidwa patatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Komabe, Nicole Papantoniou, mkulu wa Kitchen Appliances and Innovation Laboratory ku GH Research Institute, amangofunika kusintha fyulutayo miyezi isanu ndi iwiri iliyonse.
“Ili ndi mphamvu zambiri kotero simuyenera kuidzazanso nthawi zambiri. [Ndimakonda] kuthira madzi okha chifukwa ndimatha kuchoka ikadzadza,” anatero Papantoniou. Kodi akatswiri athu aona zofooka ziti? Chizindikiro chofiira chosinthira fyuluta chikangoyatsa, chimasiya kugwira ntchito. Ingotsimikizirani kuti muli ndi mafyuluta ena.
Tanki ya Madzi ya Larq PurVis imatha kusefa zinthu zodetsa zoposa 45 monga microplastics, heavy metals, VOCs, endocrine disruptors, PFOA ndi PFOS, pharmaceuticals ndi zina zambiri. Kampaniyo ikupitanso patsogolo pogwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa UV kuti ichotse mabakiteriya a E. coli ndi salmonella omwe amatha kuwunjikana m'mabotolo oyeretsera madzi akamasefa chlorine.
Poyesa, tinasangalala kuti pulogalamu ya Larq ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito komanso kuti imasunga nthawi yomwe muyenera kusintha zosefera, kotero palibe kukayikira kulikonse. Imathira bwino, siituluka, ndipo ndi yotetezeka kutsukidwa mu mbale, kupatulapo ndodo yaying'ono yotha kubwezeretsedwanso yomwe tinapeza kuti ndi yosavuta kutsuka ndi manja. Dziwani: zosefera zitha kukhala zodula kuposa zosefera zina.
Ntchito ikatha, mutha kuwonetsa monyadira chidebe cha fyuluta yamadzi ichi pa desiki yanu ndi mawonekedwe ake okongola komanso amakono. Sikuti chimangowoneka bwino chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kapadera, komanso akatswiri athu amakondanso kuti mawonekedwe a hourglass amachipangitsa kukhala chosavuta kugwira.
Imasefa chlorine ndi zitsulo zinayi zolemera, kuphatikizapo cadmium, mkuwa, mercury ndi zinc, kudzera mu fyuluta yobisika bwino pamwamba pa karafe. Akatswiri athu adapeza kuti ndi yosavuta kuyiyika, kudzaza ndi kuthira, koma imafuna kusamba m'manja.
“N’zosavuta kuyika, yotsika mtengo komanso yoyesedwa motsatira miyezo ya ANSI 42 ndi 53, kotero imasefa modalirika mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zodetsa,” anatero Dan DiClerico, mkulu wa GH's Home Improvement and Outdoor Lab. Iye anakonda kwambiri kapangidwe kake ndipo mtundu wa Culligan unadziwika.
Fyuluta iyi imakulolani kusintha mosavuta kuchoka pa madzi osasefedwa kupita ku madzi osefedwa pongokoka valavu yodutsa, ndipo palibe zida zofunika kuti muyike fyuluta iyi pa pompopu yanu. Imasefa chlorine, sediment, lead ndi zina zambiri. Vuto limodzi ndilakuti imapangitsa pompopu kukhala yokulirapo.
Ku Good Housekeeping Institute, gulu lathu la mainjiniya, akatswiri a zamankhwala, akatswiri ofufuza zinthu ndi akatswiri okonza nyumba amagwira ntchito limodzi kuti apeze fyuluta yabwino kwambiri yamadzi panyumba panu. Kwa zaka zambiri, tayesa fyuluta zamadzi zoposa 30 ndipo tikupitiliza kufunafuna njira zatsopano pamsika.
Kuti tiyese zosefera zamadzi, timaganizira za mphamvu yake, momwe zimakhalira zosavuta kuyika, komanso (ngati zingatheke) momwe zimakhalira zosavuta kudzaza. Kuti timvetse bwino, timawerenganso buku lililonse la malangizo ndikuwona ngati chitsanzo cha pitcher chili chotetezeka ku chotsukira mbale. Timayesa zinthu monga momwe galasi la zosefera zamadzi limagwirira ntchito mofulumira komanso momwe thanki yamadzi ya pampopi ingasungire madzi ambiri.
Timatsimikiziranso zonena za kuchotsa banga kutengera deta ya anthu ena. Posintha zosefera pa nthawi yomwe wopanga amalangiza, timawunikanso nthawi yomwe fyuluta iliyonse idzakhala ndi moyo komanso mtengo wosinthira fyuluta chaka chilichonse.
✔️ Mtundu ndi Kuchuluka: Posankha mitsuko, mabotolo ndi zotulutsira zina zomwe zimasunga madzi osefedwa, muyenera kuganizira kukula ndi kulemera kwake. Zidebe zazikulu ndi zabwino kwambiri pochepetsa kudzaza madzi, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala zolemera ndipo zimatha kutenga malo ambiri mufiriji kapena thumba lanu. Chitsanzo cha kauntala chimasunga malo mufiriji ndipo nthawi zambiri chimasunga madzi ambiri, koma chimafuna malo osungira madzi ndipo chimagwiritsa ntchito madzi otentha m'chipinda.
Ndi zosefera madzi pansi pa sinki, zosefera za pampopi, zosefera za shawa ndi zosefera za m'nyumba yonse, palibe chifukwa chodera nkhawa za kukula kapena kuchuluka kwa madzi chifukwa zimasefa madzi akangotuluka.
✔️Mtundu wosefera: Dziwani kuti zosefera zambiri zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosefera kuti zichotse zodetsa zosiyanasiyana. Mitundu ina imatha kusiyana kwambiri pa zodetsa zomwe imachotsa, kotero ndi bwino kuyang'ana zomwe chitsanzocho chimasefera kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwirizana ndi zosowa zanu. Njira yodalirika yodziwira izi ndikuwona muyezo wa NSF womwe fyulutayo yavomerezedwa. Mwachitsanzo, miyezo ina imaphimba lead yokha, monga NSF 372, pomwe ina imaphimbanso poizoni waulimi ndi mafakitale, monga NSF 401. Kuphatikiza apo, nazi njira zosiyanasiyana zosefera madzi:
✔️ Kuchuluka kwa Zosefera: Yang'anani kangati komwe muyenera kusintha fyuluta. Ngati mukuopa kusintha fyuluta kapena mwayiwala kuisintha, mungafune kuyang'ana fyuluta yokhalitsa. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati mugula zosefera za shawa, pitcher, ndi sinki, muyenera kukumbukira kuzisintha payekhapayekha, kotero kungakhale kwanzeru kuganizira zogwiritsa ntchito fyuluta ya nyumba yonse chifukwa mudzafunika kusintha fyuluta imodzi yokha ya nyumba yanu, nyumba yonse.
Kaya mungasankhe fyuluta yamadzi iti, siingathandize ngati simusintha monga momwe mukulimbikitsira. “Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa fyuluta yamadzi kumadalira mtundu wa madzi omwe ali m'madzi komanso kangati komwe mumasinthira fyulutayo,” akutero Aral. Ma model ena ali ndi chizindikiro, koma ngati chitsanzocho chilibe chizindikiro, kuyenda pang'onopang'ono kapena mtundu wina wa madzi ndi chizindikiro chakuti fyulutayo iyenera kusinthidwa.
✔️ Mtengo: Ganizirani mtengo woyamba wa fyuluta yamadzi komanso mtengo woidzazanso. Fyuluta yamadzi ingakhale yokwera mtengo poyamba, koma mtengo ndi kuchuluka kwa kuisintha kungakupulumutseni ndalama pakapita nthawi. Koma sizili choncho nthawi zonse, choncho onetsetsani kuti mwawerengera ndalama zosinthira pachaka kutengera ndondomeko yoyenera yosinthira.
Kupeza madzi abwino akumwa ndi vuto lapadziko lonse lapansi lomwe limakhudza madera ambiri ku United States. Ngati simukudziwa bwino za ubwino wa madzi anu, Environmental Working Group (EWG) yasintha database yake ya madzi apampopi mu 2021. Database iyi ndi yaulere, yosavuta kusaka, ndipo ili ndi zambiri za mayiko onse.
Lowetsani zip code yanu kapena fufuzani m'boma lanu kuti mupeze zambiri zokhudza ubwino wa madzi anu akumwa kutengera miyezo ya EWG, yomwe ndi yokhwima kwambiri kuposa miyezo ya boma. Ngati madzi anu apampopi apitirira malangizo azaumoyo a EWG, mungafune kuganizira zogula fyuluta yamadzi.
Kusankha madzi okhala m'mabotolo ndi njira yothetsera madzi akumwa omwe angakhale osatetezeka kwa nthawi yochepa, koma kumabweretsa vuto lalikulu lomwe limabweretsa zotsatirapo zazikulu kwa nthawi yayitali chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa. Anthu aku America amataya matani okwana 30 miliyoni a pulasitiki chaka chilichonse, omwe 8% yokha ndi omwe amabwezeretsedwanso. Ambiri mwa iwo amathera m'malo otayira zinyalala chifukwa pali malamulo osiyanasiyana okhudza zomwe zingabwezeretsedwenso. Njira yabwino kwambiri ndiyo kuyika ndalama mu fyuluta yamadzi ndi botolo lamadzi lokongola, logwiritsidwanso ntchito - ena ali ndi ma fyuluta omangidwa mkati.
Nkhaniyi inalembedwa ndi kuyesedwa ndi Jamie (Kim) Ueda, katswiri wofufuza zinthu zosefera madzi (ndi wogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse!). Iye ndi wolemba wodziyimira pawokha wodziwa bwino ntchito zoyesa zinthu ndi ndemanga. Pa mndandandawu, anayesa zosefera madzi zingapo ndipo anagwira ntchito ndi akatswiri ochokera ku ma lab angapo a Good Housekeeping Institute: Kitchen Appliances & Innovation, Beauty, Health & Sustainability, Outdoor, Tools & Technology;
Nicole Papantoniou akulankhula za kusavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ma jug ndi mabotolo. Dr. Bill Noor Alar anathandiza kuwunika zofunikira zochotsera zodetsa zomwe zili mu yankho lathu lililonse. Dan DiClerico ndi Rachel Rothman adapereka ukatswiri pa kukhazikitsa zosefera.
Jamie Ueda ndi katswiri wa zinthu zogulira ogula yemwe ali ndi zaka zoposa 17 zogwira ntchito popanga zinthu komanso kupanga zinthu. Wakhala ndi maudindo akuluakulu m'makampani akuluakulu ogulitsa zinthu zogulira ogula komanso imodzi mwa makampani odziwika bwino komanso akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi. Jamie amagwira ntchito m'ma laboratories angapo a GH Institute kuphatikizapo zida zophikira, zofalitsa nkhani ndi ukadaulo, nsalu ndi zida zapakhomo. Mu nthawi yake yopuma, amakonda kuphika, kuyenda komanso kusewera masewera.
Good Housekeeping imatenga nawo mbali m'mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana otsatsa malonda, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti tingalandire ndalama zolipiridwa pazinthu zomwe zasankhidwa ndi olemba kudzera m'maulalo athu opita kumasamba ogulitsa.