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Tim Heffernan ndi mlembi wofotokoza nkhani za mpweya ndi madzi komanso matekinoloje okhazikika amagetsi. Kuti ayese oyeretsa, amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito utsi wamtundu wa Flare.
Chochitika cha Amazon Prime Day October chafika! Apa tasonkhanitsa malingaliro onse ofunikira kuchokera ku Wirecutter.
Tawonjezeranso njira yabwino, Cyclopure Purefast, fyuluta yogwirizana ndi Brita yomwe ndi NSF/ANSI yovomerezeka kuti ichepetse PFAS.
Ngati mukuyang'ana njira yosavuta yopezera madzi akumwa osefedwa kunyumba, tikupangira Sefa ya Brita Elite yophatikizidwa ndi Brita Standard Daily 10-cup pitcher kapena (ngati banja lanu limagwiritsa ntchito madzi ambiri) Brita 27-cup pitcher. . Makina opangira madzi Ultramax. Koma musanasankhe aliyense wa iwo, dziwani kuti patatha pafupifupi zaka khumi zofufuza za kusefera kwamadzi am'nyumba, timakhulupirira kuti zosefera zapansi panthaka kapena pansi pa faucet ndiye chisankho chabwino kwambiri. Amakhala nthawi yayitali, amapereka madzi oyera mwachangu, amachepetsa zowononga, sangatseke, ndipo amatenga mphindi zochepa kuti akhazikike.
Mtunduwu uli ndi ziphaso zopitilira 30 za ANSI/NSF — kuposa fyuluta iliyonse mkalasi mwake — ndipo idapangidwa kuti ikhale miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pakati pakusintha. Koma, monga zosefera zonse, zimatha kutsekeka.
Siginecha ya Brita ketulo imatanthawuza gulu la ketulo yosefera ndipo ndiyosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndikuyeretsa kuposa mitundu ina yambiri ya Brita.
Makina operekera madzi ku Brita amakhala ndi madzi okwanira kwa tsiku limodzi kwa banja lalikulu, ndipo mpopi wake wosatulutsa madzi ndi wosavuta kuti ana agwiritse ntchito.
LifeStraw Home Water Dispenser imayesedwa modalirika kuti ichotse zowononga zambiri, kuphatikiza lead, ndipo fyuluta yake simakonda kutsekeka kuposa choperekera china chilichonse chomwe tidayesa.
Zosefera za Dexsorb zimayesedwa ku miyezo ya NSF/ANSI ndipo imagwira bwino mitundu yambiri yamankhwala osakhazikika (PFAS), kuphatikiza PFOA ndi PFOS.
Mtunduwu uli ndi ziphaso zopitilira 30 za ANSI/NSF — kuposa fyuluta iliyonse mkalasi mwake — ndipo idapangidwa kuti ikhale miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pakati pakusintha. Koma, monga zosefera zonse, zimatha kutsekeka.
Fyuluta ya Brita yothandiza kwambiri ndi sefa ya Brita Elite. Ndizovomerezeka za ANSI/NSF ndipo zimasefa zodetsa zambiri kuposa fyuluta ina iliyonse yodyetsera mphamvu yokoka yomwe tidayesa; izi zikuphatikizapo lead, mercury, cadmium, PFOA ndi PFOS, komanso mitundu yambiri yamafakitale yomwe imapezeka kwambiri m'madzi ampopi. “zoipitsa zatsopano” zilipo. Imakhala ndi moyo wa magaloni 120 kapena miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, yomwe ili kuwirikiza katatu kuposa moyo wa zosefera zina zambiri. Pakapita nthawi, izi zitha kupangitsa kuti zosefera za Elite zikhale zotsika mtengo kuposa zosefera zodziwika bwino za miyezi iwiri. Komabe, miyezi isanu ndi umodzi isanadutse, matope a m'madzi amatha kutseka. Ngati mukudziwa kuti madzi anu apampopi ndi aukhondo koma mukungofuna kuti amve bwino, makamaka ngati amanunkhiza ngati chlorine, mbiya yamadzi ya Brita yokhazikika ndi fyuluta yotulutsa madzi imawononga ndalama zochepa ndipo sizimatsekeka, koma ndizosavomerezeka. kutsogolera kapena gulu lililonse la mafakitale.
Siginecha ya Brita ketulo imatanthawuza gulu la ketulo yosefera ndipo ndiyosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndikuyeretsa kuposa mitundu ina yambiri ya Brita.
Pakati pa mabotolo ambiri amadzi a Brita, zomwe timakonda ndi Brita Standard Everyday Water Bottle 10 Cup. Mapangidwe opanda-nooks-and-cracks amapangitsa kuyeretsa kukhala kosavuta kuposa mitsuko ina ya Brita, ndipo chivindikiro cha dzanja limodzi chimapangitsa kudzazanso kosavuta. Chogwirizira chake chopindika chooneka ngati C chimakhalanso chomasuka kuposa chogwirizira chowoneka ngati D chopezeka pamabotolo ambiri a Brita.
Makina operekera madzi ku Brita amakhala ndi madzi okwanira kwa tsiku limodzi kwa banja lalikulu, ndipo mpopi wake wosatulutsa madzi ndi wosavuta kuti ana agwiritse ntchito.
Makina operekera madzi a Brita Ultramax amakhala ndi makapu pafupifupi 27 amadzi (makapu 18 m'malo osungiramo madzi ndi makapu 9 kapena 10 m'malo osungira pamwamba). Kapangidwe kake kakang'ono kamasunga malo mufiriji, ndipo mpopiyo amangotseka akathira kuti asasefukire. Iyi ndi njira yabwino yokhala ndi madzi ozizira okwanira nthawi zonse.
LifeStraw Home Water Dispenser imayesedwa modalirika kuti ichotse zowononga zambiri, kuphatikiza lead, ndipo fyuluta yake simakonda kutsekeka kuposa choperekera china chilichonse chomwe tidayesa.
Tinayendetsa magaloni 2.5 amadzi oipitsidwa kwambiri ndi dzimbiri kudzera mu choperekera madzi kunyumba ya LifeStraw, ndipo ngakhale madziwo adachepera pang'ono kumapeto, kusefa sikunayime. Kwa iwo omwe adakumanapo ndi zosefera m'masefa ena amadzi (kuphatikiza Brita Elite) kapena akufuna njira yothetsera madzi ampopi adzimbiri kapena akuda, fyuluta iyi ndi chisankho chathu chomveka. LifeStraw ilinso ndi ziphaso zinayi za ANSI/NSF (klorini, kulawa ndi fungo, lead ndi mercury) ndipo yayesedwa paokha ndi labotale yovomerezeka kuti ikwaniritse miyezo yambiri yowonjezera ya ANSI/NSF.
Zosefera za Dexsorb zimayesedwa ku miyezo ya NSF/ANSI ndipo imagwira bwino mitundu yambiri yamankhwala osakhazikika (PFAS), kuphatikiza PFOA ndi PFOS.
Zosefera za Cyclopure Purefast zimagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwezo za Dexsorb zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ena opangira madzi oyipa kuti achotseretu mankhwala (PFAS) m'madzi a anthu. Zimakwanira mitsuko yathu ya Brita ndi zoperekera. Imavoteredwa pa magaloni 65 ndikusefa mwachangu m'mayesero athu ndipo sizitsika kwambiri pakapita nthawi, ngakhale monga ndi fyuluta ina iliyonse yokoka, ngati pali matope ambiri m'madzi amatha kutsekeka. Zosefera zimabweranso ndi phukusi lolipiriratu; tumizani fyuluta yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Cyclopure ndipo kampaniyo ikonza kuti iwononge PFAS iliyonse yomwe yagwidwa kuti isalowenso m'chilengedwe. Brita mwiniwake savomereza kugwiritsa ntchito zosefera za gulu lachitatu, koma popeza kuti zosefera zonse za Purefast ndi zida za Dexsorb ndi NSF/ANSI zovomerezeka kuti zichepetse PFAS, tili ndi chidaliro powavomereza. Dziwani kuti imangogwira PFAS ndi chlorine. Ngati mukukhudzidwa ndi zinthu zina, lingalirani za Brita Elite;
Ndakhala ndikuyesa zosefera zamadzi za Wirecutter kuyambira 2016. Mu lipoti langa, ndinayankhula motalika ndi NSF ndi Water Quality Institute, mabungwe awiri akuluakulu a certification ku United States, kuti amvetse momwe kuyesa kwawo kumachitikira. Ndafunsapo oimira ambiri opanga zosefera madzi kuti atsutsane ndi zomwe anena. Ndagwiritsa ntchito zosefera zingapo kwazaka zambiri chifukwa kulimba, kumasuka komanso mtengo wokonza, komanso kuyanjana ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ndizofunikira kwambiri pazomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito kangapo patsiku.
Wasayansi wakale wa NOAA a John Holecek adafufuza ndikulemba buku lakale la bukhuli, adayesa yekha, ndikuyesa kuyesa kodziyimira pawokha.
Bukuli ndi la iwo amene akufuna fyuluta yamadzi yamtundu wa pitcher yomwe imadzaza madzi awo apampopi ndikusunga mufiriji.
Ubwino wa fyuluta ya pitcher ndikuti ndiyosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Zomwe muyenera kuchita ndikuzidzaza pampopi ndikudikirira kuti fyulutayo igwire ntchito. Amakondanso kukhala otsika mtengo kugula, ndi zosefera zolowa m'malo (zomwe zimafunikira miyezi iwiri iliyonse) zomwe zimawononga ndalama zosakwana $15.
Iwo ali ndi zovuta zingapo. Amatha kuchotsa zowononga zocheperako kuposa zosefera zambiri zapansi panthaka kapena pansi pa faucet chifukwa zimadalira mphamvu yokoka m'malo motengera mphamvu yamadzi, zomwe zimafuna fyuluta yocheperako.
Kudalira mphamvu yokoka kumatanthauzanso kuti zosefera za mitsuko zimachedwa: kudzaza madzi amodzi kuchokera pamwamba pamadzi kumatha kutenga mphindi 5 mpaka 15 kuti mudutse pasefa, ndipo nthawi zambiri pamafunika zowonjezera zingapo kuti mutenge mtsuko wonse wamadzi oyera. .
Zosefera za mitsuko nthawi zambiri zimatsekeka chifukwa cha dothi lamadzi apampopi kapena ngakhale tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta mpweya wochokera ku ma aera a faucet.
Pazifukwa izi, timalimbikitsa kukhazikitsa fyuluta pansi pa sinki kapena pampopi ngati pakufunika kutero.
Ku United States, madzi omwe amaperekedwa ndi anthu onse amayendetsedwa ndi Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) pansi pa Safe Drinking Water Act, ndipo madzi otuluka m'malo oyeretsera madzi ayenera kukwaniritsa miyezo yabwino kwambiri. Komabe, sizinthu zonse zomwe zingathe kuwononga zowonongeka zomwe zimayendetsedwa.
Kuphatikiza apo, zowononga zimatha kulowa madzi akachoka pamalo opangira mankhwalawo kudzera m'mipopi yotayira kapena (ngati mtovu) kudzera m'mipopeyo. Kuthira madzi kochitidwa kapena kunyalanyazidwa pamalowo kumatha kupangitsa kuti mipope yakumunsi ikhale yoyipa kwambiri, monga zidachitikira ku Flint, Michigan.
Kuti mudziwe ndendende zomwe zili m'madzi a ogulitsa anu, nthawi zambiri mutha kusaka pa intaneti pa EPA-approved Consumer Confidence Report (CCR). Kupanda kutero, onse ogulitsa madzi aboma akuyenera kukupatsirani ma CCR awo mukapempha.
Koma chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa komwe kungachitike kunsi kwa mtsinje, njira yokhayo yodziwira zomwe zili m'madzi a m'nyumba mwanu ndikuyesa. Laboratory yanu yamtundu wamadzi imatha kuchita izi, kapena mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyezera kunyumba. Tidayang'ana 11 mwa iwo mu kalozera wathu ndipo tidachita chidwi ndi SimpleLab's Tap Score, yomwe ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndipo imapereka lipoti latsatanetsatane, lolembedwa momveka bwino la zomwe, ngati zilipo, zoipitsa zili m'madzi anu apampopi.
Mayeso apamwamba amadzi amtundu wa SimpleLab Tap Score amapereka kusanthula kwamadzi anu akumwa ndipo amapereka zotsatira zosavuta kuwerenga.
Kuonetsetsa kuti tikupangira zosefera zomwe mungakhulupirire, takhala tikulimbikira kuti zomwe tasankha zikwaniritse mulingo wagolide: satifiketi ya ANSI/NSF. American National Standards Institute (ANSI) ndi National Science Foundation (NSF) ndi mabungwe achinsinsi, osachita phindu omwe amagwira ntchito ndi Environmental Protection Agency, opanga ndi akatswiri ena kuti apange miyezo yapamwamba kwambiri ndikuyesa zinthu masauzande ambiri, kuphatikiza ma protocol amadzi. fyuluta.
Zinali pokhapokha atagwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo za "mayesero", omwe anali oipitsidwa kwambiri kuposa madzi ambiri apampopi, kuti zoseferazo zinatha kukwaniritsa miyezo ya certification, kupitirira kwambiri moyo wawo woyembekezeka.
Ma laboratories awiri otsimikizira zosefera zamadzi ndi NSF yokha ndi Water Quality Association (WQA). Onsewa ndi ovomerezeka ndi ANSI ndi Canadian Standards Council ku North America ndipo amatha kuyesa certification ya ANSI/NSF.
Koma patatha zaka zambiri zotsutsana zamkati, tsopano tikuvomerezanso chinenero chomasuka cha "kuyesedwa ku miyezo ya ANSI / NSF" m'malo mwa chiphaso chovomerezeka, malinga ndi zikhalidwe zingapo: Choyamba, kuyezetsa kumachitidwa ndi labotale yodziimira, osati ndi bungwe lodziimira palokha. labotale. Wopanga zosefera; chachiwiri, labotale yokhayo imavomerezedwa ndi ANSI kapena mabungwe ena amtundu uliwonse kapena omwe si a boma kuti aziyesa mozama motsatira miyezo yokhazikitsidwa; chachitatu, wopanga amawulula zambiri za labotale yoyesera, zotsatira zake ndi njira zake; Wopangayo ali ndi chidziwitso chochuluka chopanga zosefera zomwe zatsimikizira kuti ndizotetezeka, zodalirika komanso zofotokozedwa moona mtima.
Tidaonjezeranso mpaka zosefera zomwe zili zovomerezeka kapena zofanana ndi ziwiri mwamiyezo yayikulu ya ANSI/NSF (Standard 42 ndi Standard 53) (yophimba chlorine ndi zonyansa zina "zokongola" ndi zitsulo zolemera monga lead, motsatana) monga mankhwala ophera tizilombo. ndi zinthu zina za organic). Muyezo watsopano wa 401 umakhudza "zowonongeka zomwe zikubwera," monga mankhwala, zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri m'madzi ku United States, chifukwa chake timaganizira kwambiri zosefera.
Tinayamba kufunafuna ma ketulo odziwika bwino a makapu 10 mpaka 11 ndi zopangira madzi zokulirapo, zomwe ndizofunikira makamaka m'mabanja omwe amamwa madzi ambiri. (Makampani ambiri amaperekanso mitsuko yaying'ono kwa iwo omwe safuna mtundu wathunthu.)
Kenako tidafanizira tsatanetsatane wa kapangidwe kake (kuphatikiza masitayilo ndi chitonthozo), kumasuka koyika ndikusintha zosefera, malo omwe mbiya ndi zoperekera zimatengera mufiriji, komanso kuchuluka kwa tanki yodzaza pamwamba mpaka pansi "sefa". (Kuchuluka kwa chiŵerengerocho, kumakhala bwino, chifukwa mumapeza madzi osefedwa nthawi iliyonse mukagwiritsa ntchito pampopi.)
Tidayesa zingapo pazosefera zingapo mu 2016, kuyerekeza zotsatira zathu ndi ziphaso za ANSI/NSF ndi zomwe opanga amapanga. Mu labotale yake, John Holecek anayeza mlingo umene fyuluta iliyonse imachotsa chlorine. Pazosankha zathu ziwiri zoyamba, tidapangana nawo kuyesa kochotsa kutsogolera kodziyimira pawokha pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyambukira zotsogola kuposa zomwe NSF imafunikira mu mgwirizano wake wa certification.
Chomwe timatengera pakuyesa kwathu ndikuti satifiketi ya ANSI/NSF kapena satifiketi yofananira ndi chizindikiro chodalirika cha kusefa. Izi sizosadabwitsa kutengera kukhwima kwa miyezo ya certification. Kuyambira pamenepo, tadalira satifiketi ya ANSI/NSF kapena satifiketi yofananira nayo kuti tidziwe momwe fyuluta yomwe wapatsidwa.
Kuyesa kwathu kotsatira kumayang'ana kwambiri momwe angagwiritsire ntchito zenizeni padziko lapansi, komanso zinthu zothandiza ndi zofooka zomwe zimangowonekera mukangoyamba kugwiritsa ntchito zinthuzo pakapita nthawi.
Mtunduwu uli ndi ziphaso zopitilira 30 za ANSI/NSF — kuposa fyuluta iliyonse mkalasi mwake — ndipo idapangidwa kuti ikhale miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pakati pakusintha. Koma, monga zosefera zonse, zimatha kutsekeka.
Zosefera za Brita Elite (omwe kale anali a Longlast +) ndi ANSI/NSF zovomerezeka kuti zizindikire zonyansa zopitilira 30 (PDF), kuphatikiza lead, mercury, microplastics, asbestos, ndi PFAS ziwiri zodziwika bwino: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) ndi perfluorinated octane sulfonic acid (PFOS). Izi zimapangitsa kuti ikhale fyuluta yovomerezeka kwambiri yomwe tayesapo, ndipo yomwe timalimbikitsa kwa iwo omwe akufuna mtendere wamumtima.
Zimatsimikiziridwa kuchotsa madontho ena ambiri wamba. Izi zikuphatikizapo chlorine (yomwe imayikidwa m'madzi kuti ichepetse mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndipo ndizomwe zimayambitsa madzi a pampopi oipa); carbon tetrachloride, chinthu chosasinthika chomwe chimawononga chiwindi ndipo chimapezeka kwambiri m'madzi; “Zosakaniza zatsopano” zinapezedwa, kuphatikizapo bisphenol A (BPA), DEET (mankhwala wamba othamangitsa tizilombo) ndi estrone (mtundu wopangidwa wa estrogen).
Ngakhale zosefera zambiri za mbiya zimakhala ndi kuzungulira kwa magaloni 40 aliwonse kapena miyezi iwiri, a Elite amakhala ndi kuzungulira kwa magaloni 120 kapena miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Mwachidziwitso, izi zikutanthauza kuti mumangofunika kugwiritsa ntchito zosefera ziwiri za Elite pachaka m'malo mwa zisanu ndi chimodzi, kupanga zinyalala zochepa ndikuchepetsa ndalama zowonjezeredwa ndi pafupifupi 50%.
Kwa fyuluta ya mbiya, imagwira ntchito mwachangu. M'mayeso athu, fyuluta yatsopano ya Elite idangotenga mphindi zisanu mpaka zisanu ndi ziwiri kudzaza. Zosefera zofanana ndi zomwe taziyesa zimatenga nthawi yayitali - nthawi zambiri mphindi 10 kapena kupitilira apo.
Koma pali chenjezo. Monga pafupifupi zosefera zonse, a Elite amatha kutsekeka mosavuta, zomwe zimatha kuchepetsa kusefa kwake kapenanso kuziletsa kusefa kwathunthu, kutanthauza kuti muyenera kuyisintha nthawi zambiri. Ambiri, eni ake ambiri adadandaula za nkhaniyi, ndipo pakuyesa kwathu, a Elite adayamba kuyimilira asanafike 120-gallon. Ngati muli ndi vuto lodziwika ndi matope m'madzi anu apampopi (nthawi zambiri chizindikiro cha mipope ya dzimbiri), zomwe mukukumana nazo zidzakhala zofanana.
Ndipo simungafune chitetezo chonse cha osankhika. Ngati mukudziwa kuti madzi anu apampopi ndi abwino (izi zitha kuzindikirika pogwiritsa ntchito choyezera kunyumba), timalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mtsuko ndi sefa ya Brita Standard water dispenser. Ili ndi ziphaso zisanu zokha za ANSI / NSF (PDF), kuphatikizapo chlorine (koma osati kutsogolera, organics, kapena zowonongeka zatsopano), zomwe ziri kutali kwambiri ndi mlingo wa certification umene Elite ali nawo. Koma ndi fyuluta yotsika mtengo, yosatsekeka yomwe ingapangitse kukoma kwa madzi anu.