Timafufuza paokha chilichonse chomwe tikukulangizani. Mukagula kudzera mu maulalo athu, titha kupeza komisheni. Dziwani zambiri >
Tim Heffernan ndi wolemba nkhani zokhudza ubwino wa mpweya ndi madzi komanso ukadaulo wokhazikika wa mphamvu. Pofuna kuyesa oyeretsa, amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito utsi wa Flare brand match smoke.
Chochitika cha Amazon Prime Day October chafika! Apa tasonkhanitsa malingaliro onse ofunika kuchokera ku Wirecutter.
Tawonjezeranso njira yabwino kwambiri, Cyclopure Purefast, fyuluta yogwirizana ndi Brita yomwe ili ndi satifiketi ya NSF/ANSI yochepetsera PFAS.
Ngati mukufuna njira yosavuta yopezera madzi akumwa osefedwa kunyumba, tikukulangizani kuti Brita Elite Filter igwirizane ndi Brita Standard Daily 10-cup pitcher kapena (ngati banja lanu limagwiritsa ntchito madzi ambiri) Brita 27-cup pitcher. Ultramax, chotulutsira madzi. Koma musanasankhe chilichonse mwa izi, dziwani kuti patatha pafupifupi zaka khumi titafufuza za kusefa madzi kunyumba, tikukhulupirira kuti zosefera pansi pa sinki kapena pansi pa mpombi ndi chisankho chabwino kwambiri. Zimakhala nthawi yayitali, zimapereka madzi oyera mwachangu, zimachepetsa zodetsa, sizingatseke, ndipo zimatenga mphindi zochepa kuti ziyikidwe.
Mtundu uwu uli ndi ziphaso zoposa 30 za ANSI/NSF—zoposa fyuluta iliyonse m'gulu lake—ndipo wapangidwa kuti ukhale miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pakati pa zosintha. Koma, monga zosefera zonse, ukhoza kutsekeka.
Kettle ya Brita yodziwika bwino imafotokoza bwino gulu la kettle ya fyuluta ndipo ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndikusunga yoyera kuposa mitundu ina yambiri ya Brita.
Chotulutsira madzi cha ku Brita chimasunga madzi okwanira tsiku lonse kwa banja lalikulu, ndipo pompo yake yosatuluka madzi ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito kwa ana.
Chotsukira Madzi cha LifeStraw Home chimayesedwa bwino kuti chichotse zinthu zambiri zodetsa, kuphatikizapo lead, ndipo fyuluta yake siitseka kwambiri kuposa chotsukira china chilichonse chomwe tayesapo.
Zipangizo zosefera za Dexsorb zimayesedwa motsatira miyezo ya NSF/ANSI ndipo zimagwira bwino mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala osatha (PFAS), kuphatikizapo PFOA ndi PFOS.
Mtundu uwu uli ndi ziphaso zoposa 30 za ANSI/NSF—zoposa fyuluta iliyonse m'gulu lake—ndipo wapangidwa kuti ukhale miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pakati pa zosintha. Koma, monga zosefera zonse, ukhoza kutsekeka.
Fyuluta ya Brita yogwira ntchito kwambiri ndi Brita Elite fyuluta. Ndi yovomerezeka ndi ANSI/NSF ndipo imasefa zinthu zambiri zodetsa kuposa fyuluta ina iliyonse yokoka yomwe tayesa; izi zikuphatikizapo lead, mercury, cadmium, PFOA ndi PFOS, komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala a mafakitale omwe amapezeka kwambiri m'madzi a pampopi. Pali "zonyansa zatsopano". Imakhala ndi moyo wa magaloni 120 kapena miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, zomwe ndi nthawi yoposa katatu kuposa nthawi ya mafyuluta ena ambiri. Pakapita nthawi, izi zingapangitse fyuluta ya Elite kukhala yotsika mtengo kuposa fyuluta yodziwika bwino ya miyezi iwiri. Komabe, miyezi isanu ndi umodzi isanathe, matope m'madzi amatha kutsekereza. Ngati mukudziwa kuti madzi anu a pampopi ndi oyera koma mukufuna kuti azikoma bwino, makamaka ngati akununkhiza ngati chlorine, fyuluta yodziwika bwino ya Brita water pitcher ndi water dispenser imawononga ndalama zochepa ndipo sizingatseke, koma sizikutsimikiziridwa.
Kettle ya Brita yodziwika bwino imafotokoza bwino gulu la kettle ya fyuluta ndipo ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndikusunga yoyera kuposa mitundu ina yambiri ya Brita.
Pakati pa mabotolo ambiri amadzi a ku Brita, omwe timakonda kwambiri ndi Brita Standard Everyday Water Bottle 10 Cup. Kapangidwe kake kamene sikamang'ambika kamapangitsa kuyeretsa kukhala kosavuta kuposa ma pitcher ena a ku Brita, ndipo chivindikiro cha dzanja limodzi chimapangitsa kudzazanso kukhala kosavuta. Chogwirira chake chopindika chooneka ngati C chilinso chomasuka kuposa chogwirira chooneka ngati D chomwe chimapezeka m'mabotolo ambiri a ku Brita.
Chotulutsira madzi cha ku Brita chimasunga madzi okwanira tsiku lonse kwa banja lalikulu, ndipo pompo yake yosatuluka madzi ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito kwa ana.
Chotulutsira madzi cha Brita Ultramax chimasunga makapu pafupifupi 27 a madzi (makapu 18 mu thanki yosefera ndi makapu ena 9 kapena 10 mu thanki yapamwamba). Kapangidwe kake kakang'ono kamasunga malo mufiriji, ndipo pompo imatseka yokha ikathiridwa kuti isasefukire. Iyi ndi njira yabwino yokhalira ndi madzi ozizira okwanira osefedwa.
Chotsukira Madzi cha LifeStraw Home chimayesedwa bwino kuti chichotse zinthu zambiri zodetsa, kuphatikizapo lead, ndipo fyuluta yake siitseka kwambiri kuposa chotsukira china chilichonse chomwe tayesapo.
Tinagwiritsa ntchito magaloni 2.5 a madzi odetsedwa ndi dzimbiri kudzera mu chotsukira madzi cha LifeStraw, ndipo ngakhale kuti madziwo anachepa pang'ono kumapeto, kusefa sikunasiye. Kwa iwo omwe adakumana ndi kutsekeka kwa ma fyuluta ena amadzi (kuphatikiza Brita Elite yathu yapamwamba) kapena omwe akufuna yankho la madzi a m'mpopi odetsedwa kapena otupa, fyuluta iyi ndi chisankho chathu chomveka bwino. LifeStraw ilinso ndi ziphaso zinayi za ANSI/NSF (chlorine, kukoma ndi fungo, lead ndi mercury) ndipo yayesedwa payokha ndi labotale yovomerezeka kuti ikwaniritse miyezo yambiri yowonjezera ya ANSI/NSF yochotsa kuipitsidwa.
Zipangizo zosefera za Dexsorb zimayesedwa motsatira miyezo ya NSF/ANSI ndipo zimagwira bwino mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala osatha (PFAS), kuphatikizapo PFOA ndi PFOS.
Ma filter a Cyclopure Purefast amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwezo za Dexsorb zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ena oyeretsera madzi kuti achotse mankhwala (PFAS) m'madzi a anthu onse. Zimakwanira ma jug ndi ma dispenser athu a Brita omwe timawalimbikitsa. Amayesedwa pa magaloni 65 ndi ma filter mwachangu ndipo sachedwa kwambiri pakapita nthawi, ngakhale kuti monga momwe zilili ndi fyuluta iliyonse yokoka, ngati pali dothi lambiri m'madzi, imatha kutsekeka. Fyulutayo imabweranso ndi phukusi lolipiridwa kale; tumizani fyuluta yomwe yagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Cyclopure ndipo kampaniyo idzaikonza kuti iwononge PFAS iliyonse yomwe yagwidwa kuti isalowenso m'chilengedwe. Brita yokha siyivomereza kugwiritsa ntchito ma filter a chipani chachitatu, koma popeza ma filter a Purefast ndi zinthu za Dexsorb zonse ndi zovomerezeka za NSF/ANSI kuti zichepetse PFAS, tili ndi chidaliro pozilimbikitsa. Dziwani kuti imagwira PFAS ndi chlorine zokha. Ngati mukuda nkhawa ndi zinthu zina, ganizirani za Brita Elite;
Ndakhala ndikuyesa zosefera madzi za Wirecutter kuyambira mu 2016. Mu lipoti langa, ndalankhula mwachidule ndi NSF ndi Water Quality Institute, mabungwe awiri akuluakulu opereka satifiketi ya zosefera ku United States, kuti ndimvetse momwe mayeso awo amachitikira. Ndayankhulana ndi oimira opanga zosefera madzi ambiri kuti nditsutse zomwe akunena. Ndagwiritsa ntchito zosefera ndi mitsuko ingapo kwa zaka zambiri chifukwa kulimba konse, kusavuta komanso mtengo wokonza, komanso kukhala kosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito zonse ndizofunikira kwambiri pa chinthu chomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito kangapo patsiku.
Wasayansi wakale wa NOAA, John Holecek, adafufuza ndikulemba buku loyambirira la bukuli, adachita mayeso ake, ndikuyitanitsa mayeso ena odziyimira pawokha.
Bukuli ndi la anthu omwe akufuna fyuluta yamadzi yofanana ndi pitcher yomwe imadzaza madzi awo a m'pope ndikusunga mufiriji.
Ubwino wa fyuluta ya pitcher ndikuti ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Chomwe muyenera kuchita ndikudzaza kuchokera pampopi ndikudikirira kuti fyulutayo igwire ntchito. Amakondanso kukhala otsika mtengo kugula, ndipo mafyuluta ena (nthawi zambiri amafunika miyezi iwiri iliyonse) nthawi zambiri amawononga ndalama zosakwana $15.
Ali ndi zovuta zingapo. Amatha kuchotsa bwino zinthu zochepa kwambiri kuposa zosefera zambiri zomwe zimayikidwa pansi pa sinki kapena pansi pa mpope chifukwa zimadalira mphamvu yokoka osati mphamvu ya madzi, zomwe zimafuna fyuluta yosakhuthala kwambiri.
Kudalira mphamvu yokoka kumatanthauzanso kuti zosefera za pitcher zimakhala zochedwa: kudzaza madzi kamodzi kokha kuchokera ku dziwe lapamwamba kungatenge mphindi 5 mpaka 15 kuti zidutse mu fyuluta, ndipo nthawi zambiri kumafunika kuwonjezera madzi kangapo kuti mtsuko wonse wa madzi oyera upezeke.
Zosefera za ma jug nthawi zambiri zimatsekeka chifukwa cha dothi lomwe lili m'madzi a pampopi kapena ngakhale thovu laling'ono la mpweya lochokera ku ma aerator a pampopi.
Pazifukwa izi, tikukulimbikitsani kuyika fyuluta pansi pa sinki kapena pa pompo ngati pakufunika kutero.
Ku United States, madzi opezeka pagulu amayendetsedwa ndi Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) motsatira Safe Drinking Water Act, ndipo madzi otuluka m'malo oyeretsera madzi agulu ayenera kukwaniritsa miyezo yokhwima. Komabe, si zinthu zonse zodetsa zomwe zingawononge madzi zomwe zimayendetsedwa.
Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zodetsa zimatha kulowa madzi akatuluka mufakitale yotsukira pogwiritsa ntchito mapaipi otuluka kapena (ngati pali lead) kudzera mu madzi otuluka m'mapaipi okha. Kutsukira madzi komwe kumachitika kapena kunyalanyazidwa pafakitale kungapangitse kuti madzi otuluka m'mapaipi otsika, monga momwe zinachitikira ku Flint, Michigan.
Kuti mudziwe zomwe zili m'madzi a ogulitsa anu, nthawi zambiri mutha kufufuza pa intaneti za Lipoti Lodalirika la Ogulitsa (CCR) la ogulitsa anu am'deralo lomwe limavomerezedwa ndi EPA. Kupanda kutero, ogulitsa onse amadzi a anthu onse ayenera kukupatsani ma CCR awo akafunsidwa.
Koma chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa komwe kungachitike m'madzi, njira yokhayo yodziwira zomwe zili m'madzi a m'nyumba mwanu ndikuwayesa. Laboratory yanu yapafupi ingachite izi, kapena mungagwiritse ntchito zida zoyesera kunyumba. Tinayang'ana 11 mwa iwo mu bukhu lathu ndipo tinachita chidwi ndi SimpleLab's Tap Score, yomwe ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndipo imapereka lipoti lolembedwa bwino komanso lomveka bwino la zomwe zili m'madzi anu apampopi.
Mayeso apamwamba a madzi a SimpleLab Tap Score a municipalities amapereka kusanthula kwathunthu kwa madzi anu akumwa ndipo amapereka zotsatira zosavuta kuwerenga.
Kuti tiwonetsetse kuti tikupangira zosefera zomwe mungadalire, takhala tikunena kuti zomwe tasankha zikugwirizana ndi muyezo wagolide: satifiketi ya ANSI/NSF. Bungwe la American National Standards Institute (ANSI) ndi National Science Foundation (NSF) ndi mabungwe achinsinsi, osachita phindu omwe amagwira ntchito ndi Environmental Protection Agency, opanga ndi akatswiri ena kuti apange miyezo yapamwamba komanso kuyesa zinthu zambirimbiri, kuphatikizapo njira zamadzi.
Pambuyo pogwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo za "mayeso", zomwe zinali zoipitsidwa kwambiri kuposa madzi ambiri apampopi, ndiye kuti zoseferazo zinatha kukwaniritsa miyezo ya satifiketi, zomwe zinapitirira kwambiri nthawi yomwe zimayembekezeredwa.
Ma laboratories awiri akuluakulu otsimikizira kusefa madzi ndi NSF yokha ndi Water Quality Association (WQA). Onse awiri ali ovomerezeka mokwanira ndi ANSI ndi Canadian Standards Council ku North America ndipo amatha kuchita mayeso a ANSI/NSF.
Koma patatha zaka zambiri tikukambirana zamkati, tsopano tikuvomerezanso chilankhulo chomasuka cha "kuyesedwa ku miyezo ya ANSI/NSF" m'malo mwa satifiketi yovomerezeka, malinga ndi zofunikira zingapo: Choyamba, kuyesaku kumachitika ndi labotale yodziyimira payokha, osati ndi labotale yodziyimira payokha. Wopanga zosefera; chachiwiri, labotale yokhayo imavomerezedwa ndi ANSI kapena mabungwe ena adziko kapena omwe si aboma kuti achite mayeso okhwima motsatira miyezo yokhazikitsidwa; chachitatu, wopanga amaulula zambiri zokhudza labotale yoyesera, zotsatira zake ndi njira zake; Wopangayo ali ndi chidziwitso chachikulu popanga zosefera zomwe zatsimikizika kuti ndi zotetezeka, zodalirika komanso zofotokozedwa moona mtima.
Tinawonjezeranso izi ku mafyuluta omwe ali ndi ziphaso kapena ofanana ndi miyezo iwiri yayikulu ya ANSI/NSF (Standard 42 ndi Standard 53) (yophimba chlorine ndi zinthu zina zodetsa "zokongola" ndi zitsulo zolemera monga lead, motsatana) komanso mankhwala ophera tizilombo. ndi mankhwala ena achilengedwe). Muyezo watsopano wa 401 umakhudza "zinthu zodetsa zomwe zikubwera," monga mankhwala, zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri m'madzi ku United States, ndichifukwa chake timayang'anira kwambiri mafyuluta.
Tinayamba kufunafuna ma kettle otchuka okhala ndi makapu 10 mpaka 11 komanso ma dispenser akuluakulu odzaza madzi, omwe ndi othandiza makamaka kwa mabanja omwe amagwiritsa ntchito madzi ambiri. (Makampani ambiri amaperekanso ma pitchers ang'onoang'ono kwa iwo omwe safuna chitsanzo chachikulu.)
Kenako tinayerekeza tsatanetsatane wa kapangidwe kake (kuphatikizapo kalembedwe ka chogwirira ndi chitonthozo), kusavuta kuyika ndi kusintha fyuluta, malo omwe mtsuko ndi chotulutsira madzi zimatengera mufiriji, ndi chiŵerengero cha voliyumu ya thanki yodzaza pamwamba ndi thanki ya "fyuluta" ya pansi. (Chiŵerengero chikakhala chachikulu, chimakhala chabwino, chifukwa mudzapeza madzi ambiri osefedwa nthawi iliyonse mukagwiritsa ntchito pompo.)
Tinachita mayeso angapo pa zosefera zingapo mu 2016, poyerekeza zotsatira zathu ndi ziphaso za ANSI/NSF ndi zomwe opanga amanena. Mu labotale yake, John Holecek anayeza kuchuluka kwa momwe sefa iliyonse imachotsera chlorine. Pazosankha zathu ziwiri zoyambirira, tinagwirizana kuti tiyesere kuchotsa lead pogwiritsa ntchito njira zambiri zodetsa lead kuposa zomwe NSF imafuna mu mgwirizano wake wa satifiketi.
Mfundo yaikulu yomwe taphunzira kuchokera mu mayeso athu ndi yakuti satifiketi ya ANSI/NSF kapena satifiketi yofanana ndi chizindikiro chodalirika cha magwiridwe antchito a fyuluta. Izi sizosadabwitsa chifukwa cha kukhwima kwa miyezo ya satifiketi. Kuyambira pamenepo, tadalira satifiketi ya ANSI/NSF kapena satifiketi yofanana kuti tidziwe momwe fyuluta ina imagwirira ntchito.
Mayeso athu otsatira akuyang'ana kwambiri momwe zinthu zingagwiritsidwire ntchito, komanso zinthu zothandiza komanso zofooka zomwe zimaonekera mukangoyamba kugwiritsa ntchito zinthuzo pakapita nthawi.
Mtundu uwu uli ndi ziphaso zoposa 30 za ANSI/NSF—zoposa fyuluta iliyonse m'gulu lake—ndipo wapangidwa kuti ukhale miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pakati pa zosintha. Koma, monga zosefera zonse, ukhoza kutsekeka.
Zosefera za Brita Elite (zomwe kale zinali Longlast+) zili ndi satifiketi ya ANSI/NSF yozindikira zodetsa zoposa 30 (PDF), kuphatikizapo lead, mercury, microplastics, asbestos, ndi PFAS ziwiri zodziwika bwino: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) ndi perfluorinated octane sulfonic acid (PFOS). Izi zimapangitsa kuti ikhale fyuluta yovomerezeka kwambiri yomwe tayesapo, ndipo timalimbikitsa kwa iwo omwe akufuna mtendere wamumtima.
Zatsimikiziridwa kuti zimachotsa madontho ena ambiri ofala. Izi zikuphatikizapo chlorine (yomwe imawonjezeredwa m'madzi kuti ichepetse mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo tina toyambitsa matenda ndipo ndiyo chifukwa chachikulu cha madzi a m'mpopi osakoma bwino); carbon tetrachloride, mankhwala osungunuka omwe amawononga chiwindi ndipo amapezeka kwambiri m'madzi; "Mafuta atsopano" adapezeka, kuphatikizapo bisphenol A (BPA), DEET (mankhwala oletsa tizilombo) ndi estrone (mtundu wopangidwa wa estrogen).
Ngakhale kuti zosefera zambiri za pitcher zimakhala ndi nthawi yosinthira ya magaloni 40 kapena miyezi iwiri iliyonse, Elite imakhala ndi nthawi yosinthira ya magaloni 120 kapena miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Mwachidule, izi zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zosefera ziwiri za Elite pachaka m'malo mwa zisanu ndi chimodzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinyalala zichepe ndikuchepetsa ndalama zowonjezerera ndi pafupifupi 50%.
Pa fyuluta ya pitcher, imagwira ntchito mwachangu. Mu mayeso athu, fyuluta yatsopano ya Elite inatenga mphindi zisanu kapena zisanu ndi ziwiri zokha kuti idzaze. Mafyuluta ofanana omwe tawayesa amatenga nthawi yayitali—nthawi zambiri mphindi 10 kapena kuposerapo.
Koma pali chenjezo. Monga zosefera zonse za pitcher, Elite imatha kutsekeka mosavuta, zomwe zingachedwetse kusefera kwake kapena kuiletsa kusefera kwathunthu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kuisintha pafupipafupi. Eni ake ambiri adandaula za vutoli, ndipo poyesa kwathu, Elite inayamba kuyima isanafike mphamvu yake yokwana malita 120. Ngati muli ndi vuto lodziwika bwino la matope m'madzi anu apampopi (nthawi zambiri chizindikiro cha mapaipi otupa), zomwe mukukumana nazo zingakhale chimodzimodzi.
Ndipo simungafunike chitetezo chonse cha akatswiri. Ngati mukudziwa kuti madzi anu apampopi ndi abwino (izi zitha kudziwika pogwiritsa ntchito choyesera kunyumba), tikukulimbikitsani kugwiritsa ntchito Brita Standard water dispenser base pitcher ndi filter. Ili ndi ziphaso zisanu zokha za ANSI/NSF (PDF), kuphatikiza chlorine (koma osati lead, organics, kapena zodetsa zatsopano), zomwe ndi zosiyana kwambiri ndi mulingo wa chiphaso womwe Elite ili nawo. Koma ndi fyuluta yotsika mtengo, yosatseka yomwe ingathandize kukonza kukoma kwa madzi anu.