Timafufuza paokha chilichonse chomwe tikukulangizani. Mukagula kudzera mu maulalo athu, titha kupeza komisheni. Dziwani zambiri>
Pambuyo pa kukweza zinthu ndi kusintha kwa satifiketi, sitikulimbikitsanso zosefera za Pur. Tikupitilira kusankha zina.
Ngati mukufuna njira yosavuta yopezera madzi akumwa osefedwa kunyumba, tikukulangizani kuti Brita Elite Filter igwirizane ndi Brita Standard 10-cup pitcher kapena (ngati nyumba yanu imagwiritsa ntchito madzi ambiri) Brita 27-cup pitcher. Ultramax, chotulutsira madzi. Koma musanasankhe chilichonse mwa izi, dziwani kuti patatha pafupifupi zaka khumi titafufuza za kusefa madzi kunyumba, tikukhulupirira kuti zosefera pansi pa sinki kapena pansi pa mpombi ndi chisankho chabwino kwambiri. Zimakhala nthawi yayitali, zimapereka madzi oyera mwachangu, zimachepetsa zodetsa, sizingatseke, ndipo zimatenga mphindi zochepa kuti ziyike.
Mtundu uwu uli ndi ziphaso zoposa 30 za ANSI/NSF—zoposa fyuluta iliyonse m'gulu lake—ndipo wapangidwa kuti ukhale miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pakati pa zosintha. Koma, monga zosefera zonse, ukhoza kutsekeka.
Kettle ya Brita yodziwika bwino imafotokoza bwino gulu la kettle ya fyuluta ndipo ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndikusunga yoyera kuposa mitundu ina yambiri ya Brita.
Chotulutsira madzi cha ku Brita chimasunga madzi okwanira tsiku lonse kwa banja lalikulu, ndipo pompo yake yosatuluka madzi ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito kwa ana.
Zipangizo zotulutsira udzu za LifeStraw zatsimikiziridwa kuti zimachotsa zinthu zambiri zodetsa, kuphatikizapo lead, ndipo zosefera zawo zimalimba kwambiri kuti zisatsekedwe kuposa zosefera zina zilizonse zomwe tayesapo.
Mtundu uwu uli ndi ziphaso zoposa 30 za ANSI/NSF (zoposa zosefera zilizonse m'gulu lake) ndipo wapangidwa kuti ukhale miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pakati pa zosintha zina. Koma, monga zosefera zonse, zimatha kutsekeka.
Ma filter a Brita Elite ndi ma filter ogwira ntchito kwambiri ku Brita ndipo ali ndi satifiketi ya ANSI/NSF yoti asefe zinthu zodetsa kuposa fyuluta ina iliyonse yomwe yagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mphamvu yokoka yomwe tayesa, kuphatikizapo lead, mercury, cadmium, PFOA ndi PFAS ndi zina zambiri. Zodetsa zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri m'madzi apampopi. Amakhala ndi moyo wa magaloni 120, kapena miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, zomwe ndi nthawi yoposa katatu kuposa ma filter ena ambiri. Pakapita nthawi, izi zingapangitse kuti Elite ikhale yotsika mtengo kugwiritsa ntchito kuposa fyuluta yodziwika bwino. Komabe, miyezi isanu ndi umodzi isanathe, matope omwe ali m'madzi amatha kuwatsekereza. Ngati mukudziwa kuti madzi anu apampopi ndi oyera, koma kungowonjezera kukoma kwake, makamaka madzi okhala ndi chlorine, gwiritsani ntchito mtsuko wamba wa Brita. Chotsukira fyulutacho ndi chotsika mtengo ndipo sichingathe kutsekereza, koma sichinatsimikizidwe kuti chili ndi lead kapena mankhwala aliwonse amafakitale.
Kettle ya Brita yodziwika bwino imafotokoza bwino gulu la kettle ya fyuluta ndipo ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndikusunga yoyera kuposa mitundu ina yambiri ya Brita.
Pakati pa mabotolo ambiri amadzi a ku Brita, omwe timakonda kwambiri ndi Brita Standard Everyday Water Bottle 10 Cup. Kapangidwe kake kamapangitsa kuyeretsa kukhala kosavuta kuposa ma pitcher ena a ku Brita, ndipo chivindikiro cha dzanja limodzi chimapangitsa kudzazanso kukhala kosavuta. Chogwirira chake chopindika chooneka ngati C chimakhalanso chomasuka kuposa chogwirira chooneka ngati D chomwe chimapezeka m'mabotolo ambiri a ku Brita.
Chotulutsira madzi cha ku Brita chimasunga madzi okwanira tsiku lonse kwa banja lalikulu, ndipo pompo yake yosatuluka madzi ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito kwa ana.
Chotulutsira madzi cha Brita Ultramax chimasunga makapu pafupifupi 27 a madzi (makapu 18 mu thanki yosefera ndi makapu ena 9 kapena 10 mu thanki yapamwamba). Kapangidwe kake kakang'ono kamasunga malo mufiriji, ndipo pompo imatseka yokha ikathiridwa kuti isasefukire. Iyi ndi njira yabwino yokhalira ndi madzi ozizira okwanira osefedwa.
Zipangizo zotulutsira udzu za LifeStraw zatsimikiziridwa kuti zimachotsa zinthu zambiri zodetsa, kuphatikizapo lead, ndipo zosefera zawo zimalimba kwambiri kuti zisatsekedwe kuposa zosefera zina zilizonse zomwe tayesapo.
Tinagwiritsa ntchito madzi okwana magaloni 2.5 okhala ndi dzimbiri kwambiri kudzera mu chotsukira madzi cha LifeStraw, ndipo ngakhale kuti madziwo anachepa pang'ono kumapeto, kusefa sikunasiye. Iyi ndi njira yathu yabwino kwa aliyense amene wakhala akutsekeka ndi zosefera zina zamadzi (kuphatikizapo Brita Elite yathu yapamwamba) kapena akufuna njira yothetsera madzi opopera omwe amadziwika kuti ndi dzimbiri kapena okhala ndi matope. LifeStraw ilinso ndi ziphaso zinayi za ANSI/NSF (chlorine, kukoma ndi fungo, lead ndi mercury) ndipo yayesedwa payokha ndi ma laboratories ovomerezeka kuti ikwaniritse miyezo yambiri yowonjezera ya ANSI/NSF yochotsa kuipitsidwa.
Ndakhala ndikuyesa zosefera madzi za Wirecutter kuyambira mu 2016. Mu lipoti langa, ndalankhula mwachidule ndi NSF ndi Water Quality Institute, mabungwe awiri akuluakulu opereka satifiketi ya zosefera ku United States, kuti ndimvetse momwe mayeso awo amachitikira. Ndayankhulana ndi oimira opanga zosefera madzi ambiri kuti nditsutse zomwe akunena. Ndagwiritsa ntchito zosefera ndi mitsuko ingapo kwa zaka zambiri chifukwa kulimba konse, kusavuta komanso mtengo wokonza, komanso kukhala kosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito zonse ndizofunikira kwambiri pa chinthu chomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito kangapo patsiku.
Wasayansi wakale wa NOAA, John Holecek, adafufuza ndikulemba buku loyambirira la bukuli, adachita mayeso ake, ndikuyitanitsa mayeso ena odziyimira pawokha.
Bukuli ndi la anthu omwe akufuna fyuluta yamadzi yofanana ndi pitcher yomwe imadzaza madzi awo a m'pope ndikusunga mufiriji.
Ubwino wa fyuluta ya pitcher ndikuti ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Chomwe muyenera kuchita ndikudzaza kuchokera pampopi ndikudikirira kuti fyulutayo igwire ntchito. Amakondanso kukhala otsika mtengo kugula, ndipo mafyuluta ena (nthawi zambiri amafunika miyezi iwiri iliyonse) nthawi zambiri amawononga ndalama zosakwana $15.
Ali ndi zovuta zingapo. Amatha kuchotsa bwino zinthu zochepa kwambiri kuposa zosefera zambiri zomwe zimayikidwa pansi pa sinki kapena pansi pa mpope chifukwa zimadalira mphamvu yokoka osati mphamvu ya madzi, zomwe zimafuna fyuluta yosakhuthala kwambiri.
Kudalira kwawo mphamvu yokoka kumatanthauzanso kuti zosefera za mitsuko zimakhala pang'onopang'ono: kudzaza madzi kamodzi kokha kuchokera ku thanki lapamwamba kungatenge mphindi 5 mpaka 15 kuti zidutse mu fyuluta, ndipo nthawi zambiri kumafunika kuwonjezera madzi kangapo kuti mtsuko wonse wa madzi oyera upezeke.
Zosefera za pitcher nthawi zambiri zimatsekeka chifukwa cha dothi lomwe lili m'madzi a pampopi kapena ngakhale thovu laling'ono la mpweya lochokera ku zopopera mpweya za pampopi.
Pazifukwa izi, tikukulimbikitsani kuyika fyuluta pansi pa sinki kapena pa pompo ngati pakufunika kutero.
Ku United States, madzi opezeka pagulu amayendetsedwa ndi Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) motsatira Safe Drinking Water Act, ndipo madzi otuluka m'malo oyeretsera madzi agulu ayenera kukwaniritsa miyezo yokhwima. Komabe, si zinthu zonse zodetsa zomwe zingawononge madzi zomwe zimayendetsedwa.
Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zodetsa zimatha kulowa madzi akatuluka mufakitale yotsukira pogwiritsa ntchito mapaipi otuluka kapena (ngati pali lead) kudzera mu madzi otuluka m'mapaipi okha. Kutsukira madzi komwe kumachitika kapena kunyalanyazidwa pafakitale kungapangitse kuti madzi otuluka m'mapaipi otsika, monga momwe zinachitikira ku Flint, Michigan.
Kuti mudziwe zomwe zili m'madzi a ogulitsa anu, nthawi zambiri mutha kufufuza pa intaneti za Lipoti Lodalirika la Ogulitsa (CCR) la ogulitsa anu am'deralo lomwe limavomerezedwa ndi EPA. Kupanda kutero, ogulitsa onse amadzi a anthu onse ayenera kukupatsani ma CCR awo akafunsidwa.
Koma chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa komwe kungachitike m'madzi, njira yokhayo yodziwira zomwe zili m'madzi a m'nyumba mwanu ndikuwayesa. Laboratory yanu yapafupi ingachite izi, kapena mungagwiritse ntchito zida zoyesera kunyumba. Tinayang'ana 11 mwa iwo mu bukhu lathu ndipo tinachita chidwi ndi SimpleLab's Tap Score, yomwe ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndipo imapereka lipoti lolembedwa bwino komanso lomveka bwino la zomwe zili m'madzi anu apampopi.
Mayeso apamwamba a madzi a SimpleLab Tap Score a municipalities amapereka kusanthula kwathunthu kwa madzi anu akumwa ndipo amapereka zotsatira zosavuta kuwerenga.
Kuti tiwonetsetse kuti tikupangira zosefera zomwe mungadalire, takhala tikunena kuti zomwe tasankha zikugwirizana ndi muyezo wagolide: satifiketi ya ANSI/NSF. Bungwe la American National Standards Institute (ANSI) ndi National Science Foundation (NSF) ndi mabungwe achinsinsi, osachita phindu omwe amagwira ntchito ndi Environmental Protection Agency, opanga ndi akatswiri ena kuti apange miyezo yapamwamba komanso kuyesa zinthu zambirimbiri, kuphatikizapo njira zamadzi.
Pambuyo poyesa zitsanzo zomwe zinali zoipitsidwa kwambiri kuposa madzi ambiri apampopi, zoseferazo zinatha kukwaniritsa miyezo yomwe inali yoposa nthawi yomwe amayembekezera.
Ma laboratories awiri akuluakulu otsimikizira kusefa madzi ndi NSF yokha ndi Water Quality Association (WQA). Onse awiri ali ovomerezeka mokwanira ndi ANSI ndi Canadian Standards Council ku North America ndipo amatha kuchita mayeso a ANSI/NSF.
Koma patatha zaka zambiri tikukambirana zamkati, tsopano tikuvomerezanso chilankhulo chomasuka cha "kuyesedwa malinga ndi miyezo ya ANSI/NSF" m'malo movomerezedwa mwalamulo, malinga ndi zikhalidwe zingapo zokhwima: Choyamba, kuyesaku kumachitika ndi labotale yodziyimira payokha, osati ndi labotale yodziyimira payokha. Wopanga zosefera; Chachiwiri, labotale yokha imavomerezedwa ndi ANSI kapena mabungwe ena adziko kapena omwe si aboma kuti achite mayeso okhwima malinga ndi miyezo inayake; Chachitatu, labotale yoyesera, zotsatira zake ndi njira zake zimawululidwa ndi wopanga; Chachinayi, Wopanga ali ndi chidziwitso chachikulu pakupanga zosefera zomwe zatsimikizira chitetezo chawo, kudalirika kwawo ndipo zafotokozedwa moona mtima.
Tinawonjezeranso kugwiritsa ntchito zosefera zomwe zili ndi satifiketi kapena zofanana ndi miyezo iwiri yayikulu ya ANSI/NSF (Standard 42 ndi Standard 53) (yophimba chlorine ndi zinthu zina zodetsa "zokongola" ndi zitsulo zolemera monga lead, motsatana), komanso mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe). Muyezo watsopano wa 401 umakhudza "zinthu zodetsa zomwe zikubwera," monga mankhwala, zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri m'madzi ku United States, ndichifukwa chake tikuyang'ana kwambiri zosefera.
Tinayamba kufunafuna ma kettle otchuka okhala ndi makapu 10 mpaka 11 komanso ma dispenser akuluakulu odzaza madzi, omwe ndi othandiza makamaka kwa mabanja omwe amagwiritsa ntchito madzi ambiri. (Makampani ambiri amaperekanso ma pitchers ang'onoang'ono kwa iwo omwe safuna chitsanzo chachikulu.)
Kenako tinayerekeza tsatanetsatane wa kapangidwe kake (kuphatikizapo kalembedwe ka chogwirira ndi chitonthozo), kusavuta kuyika ndi kusintha fyuluta, malo omwe mtsuko ndi chotulutsira madzi zimatengera mufiriji, ndi chiŵerengero cha voliyumu ya chosungiramo madzi chapamwamba chodzaza ndi chosungiramo cha "fyuluta" cha pansi. (Chiŵerengero chikakhala chachikulu, chimakhala chabwino, chifukwa mudzapeza madzi ambiri osefedwa nthawi iliyonse mukagwiritsa ntchito pompo.)
Tinachita mayeso angapo pa zosefera zingapo mu 2016, poyerekeza zotsatira zathu ndi ziphaso za ANSI/NSF ndi zomwe opanga amanena. Mu labotale yake, John Holecek anayeza kuchuluka kwa momwe sefa iliyonse imachotsera chlorine. Pazosankha zathu ziwiri zoyambirira, tinagwirizana kuti tiyesere kuchotsa lead pogwiritsa ntchito njira zambiri zodetsa lead kuposa zomwe NSF imafuna mu mgwirizano wake wa satifiketi.
Mfundo yaikulu yomwe taphunzira kuchokera mu mayeso athu ndi yakuti satifiketi ya ANSI/NSF kapena satifiketi yofanana ndi chizindikiro chodalirika cha magwiridwe antchito a fyuluta. Izi sizosadabwitsa chifukwa cha kukhwima kwa miyezo ya satifiketi. Kuyambira pamenepo, tadalira satifiketi ya ANSI/NSF kapena satifiketi yofanana kuti tidziwe momwe fyuluta ina imagwirira ntchito.
Mayeso athu otsatira akuyang'ana kwambiri momwe zinthu zingagwiritsidwire ntchito, komanso zinthu zothandiza komanso zofooka zomwe zimaonekera mukangoyamba kugwiritsa ntchito zinthuzo pakapita nthawi.
Mtundu uwu uli ndi ziphaso zoposa 30 za ANSI/NSF—zoposa fyuluta iliyonse m'gulu lake—ndipo wapangidwa kuti ukhale miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pakati pa zosintha. Koma, monga zosefera zonse, ukhoza kutsekeka.
Zosefera za Brita Elite (zomwe kale zinali Longlast+) zili ndi satifiketi ya ANSI/NSF yozindikira zodetsa zoposa 30 (PDF), kuphatikizapo lead, mercury, microplastics, asbestos, ndi PFAS ziwiri zodziwika bwino: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) ndi perfluorinated octane sulfonic acid (PFOS). Izi zimapangitsa kuti ikhale fyuluta yovomerezeka kwambiri yomwe tayesapo, ndipo timalimbikitsa kwa iwo omwe akufuna mtendere wamumtima.
Zatsimikiziridwa kuti zimachotsa madontho ena ambiri ofala. Izi zikuphatikizapo chlorine (yomwe imawonjezeredwa m'madzi kuti ichepetse mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo tina toyambitsa matenda ndipo ndiyo chifukwa chachikulu cha "kukoma koipa" m'madzi a pampopi); carbon tetrachloride, mankhwala osungunuka omwe amawononga chiwindi; amapezeka kwambiri m'madzi a pampopi. "Mafuta atsopano" adapezeka, kuphatikizapo bisphenol A (BPA), DEET (mankhwala oletsa tizilombo) ndi estrone (mtundu wopangidwa wa estrogen).
Ngakhale kuti zosefera zambiri za pitcher zimakhala ndi nthawi yosinthira magaloni 40 kapena miyezi iwiri iliyonse, Elite imakhala ndi nthawi yosinthira magaloni 120 kapena miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Mwachidule, izi zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zosefera ziwiri za Elite pachaka m'malo mwa zisanu ndi chimodzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinyalala zichepe ndikuchepetsa ndalama zowonjezerera ndi pafupifupi 50%.
Pa fyuluta ya pitcher, imagwira ntchito mwachangu. Mu mayeso athu, fyuluta yatsopano ya Elite inatenga mphindi zisanu kapena zisanu ndi ziwiri zokha kuti idzaze. Mafyuluta ofanana omwe tinawayesa adatenga nthawi yayitali—nthawi zambiri mphindi 10 kapena kuposerapo.
Koma pali chenjezo. Monga zosefera zonse za pitcher, Elite imatsekeka mosavuta, zomwe zingachedwetse kuchuluka kwa kusefera kapena kuletsa kusefera konse, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kuisintha pafupipafupi. Eni ake ambiri adandaula za vutoli, ndipo panthawi yoyesa kwathu, Elite inayamba kuchepa liwiro isanafike pamlingo wake wa malita 120. Ngati muli ndi vuto lodziwika bwino la matope m'madzi anu apampopi (nthawi zambiri chizindikiro cha mapaipi otupa), zomwe mukukumana nazo zingakhale chimodzimodzi.
Ndipo simungafunike chitetezo chonse cha akatswiri. Ngati mukudziwa kuti madzi anu apampopi ndi abwino (izi zitha kudziwika pogwiritsa ntchito choyesera kunyumba), tikukulimbikitsani kugwiritsa ntchito Brita Standard water dispenser base pitcher ndi filter. Ili ndi ziphaso zisanu zokha za ANSI/NSF (PDF), kuphatikizapo chlorine (koma osati lead, organics, kapena zodetsa zatsopano), zomwe zili ndi ziphaso zochepa kwambiri kuposa Elite. Koma ndi fyuluta yotsika mtengo, yosatseka yomwe ingathandize kukonza kukoma kwa madzi anu.
N'zosavuta kulakwitsa mukayika fyuluta ya Brita. Poyamba fyuluta imakhala pamalo ake ndipo imawoneka yolimba. Koma kwenikweni zimafunika khama pang'ono kuti ikhazikike bwino pamalo pake. Ngati simukukanikiza mokwanira, madzi osasefedwa amatha kutuluka m'mbali mwa fyuluta mukadzaza malo osungira madzi apamwamba, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti madzi anu "osefedwa" sakutuluka kwenikweni. Zina mwa zosefera zomwe tidagula pa mayeso a 2023 zimafunikanso kuyikidwa kuti malo atali mbali imodzi ya fyuluta ayende pamwamba pa tabu yofanana mu ma pitcher ena a Brita. (Ma pitcher ena, kuphatikizapo Standard 10-Cup Everyday Pitcher yathu yomwe timakonda, amakhala opanda zilembo ndipo amakulolani kuti muwongolere fyulutayo ku chisankho chanu.)
Kettle ya Brita yodziwika bwino imafotokoza bwino gulu la kettle ya fyuluta ndipo ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndikusunga yoyera kuposa mitundu ina yambiri ya Brita.
Botolo lamadzi la Brita lokhala ndi makapu 10 tsiku lililonse (makamaka lomwe lili ndi SmartLight Replacement Indicator ndi Elite Filter) ndi lofala kwambiri kotero kuti mwina ndi zomwe ambiri a ife timaganiza tikamaganiza za mabotolo amadzi osefedwa. Ndilonso lomwe timakonda kwambiri pa mabotolo ambiri a Brita, makamaka chifukwa ndi losavuta kugawa poyeretsa ndipo palibe malo omwe dothi lingaunjikane. Kupotoza chala chachikulu kumamasula dzanja lina kuti ligwiritse ntchito pompopu powonjezera madzi. SmartLight yake imayesa mwachindunji kuyenda kwa madzi ndikukudziwitsani nthawi yoti musinthe fyuluta. Ndipo chogwirira chosavuta chooneka ngati C ndicho kapangidwe kabwino kwambiri ka Brita.
Standard Everyday ndi kampani yapadera ya Amazon; Britain imagulitsa mabotolo ofanana amadzi a Tahoe ku Walmart, Target ndi masitolo ena ogulitsa. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa awiriwa ndi chogwirira cha Tahoe chooneka ngati D, chomwe tinachipeza chovuta kuchigwira.
Ngakhale kuti ketulo ya Everyday imalengezedwa ngati chitsanzo cha makapu 10, imakhala ndi makapu pafupifupi 11.5, zomwe zimakwanira kukwaniritsa zosowa za tsiku ndi tsiku za banja laling'ono. Ikadzaza, imalemera makilogalamu opitilira 7, zomwe zimaika mphamvu m'manja mwanu; Mtsuko waung'ono wa Brita Space Saver wokhala ndi makapu 6 umalemera makilogalamu pafupifupi 4.5 ukadzaza, koma umabwera ndi chotsukira cha Brita ndi chotsukira, kotero muyenera kugula Elite Filter padera.